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Foraging Behaviour of Bees as Influenced by Quality and Quantity of Rewards from Flowers
Abrol Dharam Pal Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
Foraging behaviour of four honeybee species (Apis mellifera A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea) was studied in relation to energy production rates of Prunus persica and a simultaneously blooming weed, Lepidagathus incurva. Energy produced ranged from a minimum of 0.642$\pm$0.01 joules (L. incurva)/flower/day to a maximum of 1.49$\pm$0.14 joules/day (P. persica). The weed having higher nectar sugar concentration and high flowering density attracted more number of bees as compared to peach. The foraging rates of bees were much higher on the weed and they could harvest more energy per unit time from the weed flowers. Evidently, food acquisition efficiency and quality of food determines the foraging decision of bees.
Abrol Dharam Pal Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.1
The pollinators are highly selective in their floral visits and shown to choose those flowers which best meet their energetic needs. The energy needs and foraging dynamics of pollinators are dependent upon prevailing weather conditions which regulate the schedule of activities thus influencing the energy budget. In this review, the role of energetics in pollinator-plant interaction, the current and future lines of research for the understanding of pollination biology are discussed.
Mass Rearing of Apis cerana F. Queen
Dharam Pal Abrol,R. M. Bhagat,Devinder Sharma 한국응용곤충학회 2005 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.8 No.3
The conditions that determine the sucess ofmass rearing of Apis cerana F. queens were studied.It was found that artificial quen cell cups with the internal diameter of 6.2mm at base 8.6mm at the mouth and 8.8mm depth were highly preferred by the bees for rearing of queens from the grafted larvae. Likewise, the wax obtained from old comb foundation was pre-tance was recorded for 12 and 6 number of larval grafts. High percentage and mean volume of queen cells was obtained from 12-6hr. old grafts. However, no signi-ficant diferences were observed between grafts and those provided with royal jely. The same was true for single and double grafts. The percentage acceptance was in the order: March, April, August, and September.
Abrol, Dharam-Pal,Singh, Jang-Bahadur Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2003 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.6 No.1
Six insecticides and Heir eight combinations were tested for their efficacy against brinjal fruit and shoot borer, Leucinodes orbonalis. Endosulfan + deltamethrin (0.07%, 0.0025%) and endosulfan + fenvalerate (0.07% + 0.005%) were highly effective against fruit borer that recorded only 13.3% damage as compared to 69.8% in control. The other promising treatments which significantly reduced the fruit damage over the control were in the order: carbaryl + fenvalerate = dichlorvos + fenvalerate (14.9%) > malathion + fenvalerate (16.4%) > fenvalerate + deltamethrin (16.6%) > dichlorvos = carbaryl + deltamethrin = malathion = dichorvos + deltamethrin = malathion + deltamethrin (18.3%) > endosulfan (20.0%) > carbaryl (21.6%) with mean percentage of damage 14.9, 16.4, 18.3, 20.0, 21.6 and 69.8%, respectively. Carbaryl was least effective, but its combinations with pyrethroids were proved superior over carbaryl alone. Cost - benefit ratio ranged from a minimum of 1: 5.10 (carbaryl) to a maximum of 1: 20.44 (fenvalerate). Dichlorvos + fenvalerate combination gave the highest yield of 263.45 q/ha, whereas carbaryl was least effective giving 225.7 q/ha. with a net gain of Rupees 42,443.00 (US$ 886.00) and 28,141.00 (US$ 587.49), respectively. The other treatments were intermediate between the two insecticide regimes. However, all the treatments were superior over the control which produced 113.58 q/ha with a net gain of Rupees 340.00 only.
Foraging Behaviour of Bees as Influenced by Quality and Quantityof Rewards from Flowers
Dharam Pal Abrol 한국응용곤충학회 2006 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.9 No.2
Foraging behaviour of four honeybee species (Apis mellifera A. cerana, A. dorsata and A. florea) was studied in relation to energy production rates of Prunus persica and a simultaneously blooming weed, Lepidagathus incurva. Energy produced ranged from a minimum of 0.642±0.01 joules (L. incurva)/flower/ day to a maximum of 1.49±0.14 joules/day (P. persica). The weed having higher nectar sugar concentration and high flowering density attracted more number of bees as compared to peach. The foraging rates of bees were much higher on the weed and they could harvest more energy per unit time from the weed flowers. Evidently, food acquisition efficiency and quality of food determines the foraging decision of bees.