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Sahar Delkash-Roudsari,Arash Zibaee,Mohammad Reza Abbci-Mozhdehi 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
Digestive proteolytic activity in larvae and adults of Bactrocera oleae was studied using specific substrates andinhibitors. The optimal pH for general proteolytic activity was 4 and 10 for soluble and membrane-bound fractionsof larvae, and 9 for the soluble fraction of adults. The highest activities of general proteases were revealed attemperatures of 25 °C and 45 °C for both the soluble andmembrane-bound fractions of larvae as well as the solublefraction of adults. Determination of the specific protease activities demonstrated the presence of serine and cysteineproteases in addition to two exopeptidases in the larvae and adults. However, trypsin-like protease, chymotrypsinlikeprotease, and two exopeptidases of larvae, and chymotrypsin-like protease as well as cathepsin L of adults hadno activity in the soluble fraction. The presence of specific proteases was verified by using specific inhibitors such asPMSF, TLCK, TPCK, E-64, EDTA, phenanthroline, and DTT. Finally, feeding of B. oleae larvae on different olive varietiesrevealed the highest trypsin-like protease, chymotrypsin-like protease, elastase, cathepsin B, cathepsin L, andcathepsin D on Amigdalifolia, Coratina, Baladi, Mari, Conservalia, Baladi, and Arbequina, respectively. These resultsshowed digestive proteolytic activities in B. oleae for the first time, and could be the basic knowledge required forfinding a control procedure to decrease the damage of this destructive pest around the world.
Delkash‑Roudsari Sahar,Hossein Goldansaz Seyed,Talebi-Jahromi Khalil,Abramson Charles I. 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1
Insecticides are a major tool for controlling pest species. Their widespread use results in damage to non-targeted insects, with honey bees particularly at risk. During foraging, honey bees learn and remember floral charac teristics that are associated with food. As insect pollinators, honey bees inadvertently contact chemicals which can have multiple negative impacts. The toxicity of two insecticides from different classes, ethion (47.79 mg a.i. L − 1 ) and hexaflumuron (500 mg a.i.L − 1 ), on learning, memory, and sensory perception were evaluated. We found that oral exposure to ethion had adverse effects on learned proboscis extension toward reward-associated odors and colors. In addition, we showed reduced sucrose consumption and sucrose responsiveness after expo sure. Hexaflumuron also impaired olfactory learning and memory and decreased responsiveness to sucrose and water. Exposure to sub-lethal concentration of the cholinergic organophosphate insecticide, ethion (47.79 mg a.i. L − 1 ), and the field-recommended concentration of hexaflumuron (500 mg a.i.L − 1 ), significantly impaired behavior involved in foraging. Our results suggest that several behavioral characteristics of honey bees be evaluated when testing an insecticide rather than relying on just one behavioral measure.