대기경계층 난류유동의 Large Eddy Simulation 해석기법의 알고리즘에 관한 연구

조창주,서성규,박종혁 國立 麗水大學校 環境問題硏究所 1998 環境硏究論文集 Vol.1 No.-

LES(Large eddy simulation) is an intermediate technique between the direct simulation of turbulent flows and the solution of the Reynold-averaged equations. The method is initiated by the introduction of a filtering operation which seperates the large-scale and small scale structures. The large scales are computed explicitly, whereas the small scale necessarily are modeled. In this study, a LES model used three-dimensional incompressible Navier-Stokes equation is calculated for the numerical simulation of turbulent flow in the PBL. Instantaneous and detailed flow of velocity component war obtain with LES and horizontal mean vertical profile of potential temperature was indicated typical profile in the PBL.

자동차손해배상보장법 제3조상의 운행기인성에 관한 판례연구 : 대법원 2009. 4. 9. 선고 2008다93629판결

조규성 부산대학교 법학연구소 2009 법학연구 Vol.50 No.1

오늘날 자동차는 인간생활에서 없어서는 안 되는 생활필수품이고 그 수도 날이 갈수록 증가하고 있다. 자동차의 이용이 증가할수록 필연적으로 사고를 동반하게 되는데, 그 사고에 대하여 피해자가 가해자의 과실을 입증해야 하는 전통적인 손해배상책임이론으로는 피해자를 제대로 보호할 수가 없다. 자동차손해배상보장법에 의할 때 자동차를 운행하는 자는 '운행 중에 일어난' 모든 사고에 대하여 자배법에 의한 손해배상책임을 지는 것이 아니라 그 중에서 '운행으로 말미암아' 일어난 사고에 대하여서만 그 책임을 진다. 이는 운행과 사고발생 사이에 상당인과관계가 존재하여야만 손해배상책임을 진다는 의미이다. 하지만 최근의 대법원판결들을 살펴보면 자배법의 입법목적인 피해자의 보호를 위한다는 명분하에 '운행기인성'과 관련한 해석을 확대함으로써 자배법 관련 법조문의 형해회(形骸化)를 가져올 우려가 있고 이러한 해석방법은 구체적 타당성을 상실하여 법적 안정성을 해할 우려가 제기되고 있어 운행기인성을 해석함에 있어 합리적 제한이 필요하다고 본다. 자배법의 그 본질적 기능은 어디까지나 운송수단으로서의 '자동차의 운행으로 인한 사고의 피해자'에 대하여 손해배상을 보장하는 것이기 때문에 운행기인성에 대한 무한정한 개념의 확대는 타당하지 않다고 여겨진다. 이번 대상판결 역시 운행기인성에 대한 해석을 지나치게 확대하여 피해자의 보호라는 측면만을 지나치게 고려함으로써 향후·운행 중의 사고'이면 모두 자배법상의 운행자책임을 인정해야한다는 모순된 결론에 이를 수 있는 내용을 담고 있어 파기환송심에서 바로잡아져야 할 것으로 본다. 결론적으로 무분별한 운행기인성의 확대해석은 자배법의 근간을 흔들 수 있는 불합리한 결과를 야기할 수도 있으므로 해석에 있어 신중을 기해야 할 것이고, 그런 의미에서 이번 대상판결은 재고되어야 할 것으로 본다. Automobile has become such an integral and essential part of the daily lives of the modern people that they cannot seem to survive without them. Along with the increase in the usage of automobile, traffic accidents are inevitable. It must be pointed out here that the traditional theory of automobile damage compensation law which states that the victim must prove that a misconduct has been committed by the said culprit is not very sound especially in light of protecting the victim. According to "The Automobile Damage Compensation Law(ADCL)", a man who driving a car is responsible for an accident only "Due to Operation of Automobile" - not for all the accidents widely related to automobile operations. It means there should be Reasonable Causation(appropriate cause and effect) between driving and accident to be responsible. Nevertheless, there is still a problem. Until now, our theory and precedents of the 'Due to operation' has been determined on the meaning of the general causation only, so problem of adequate cause comes down experience and judgement from the facts that much of these problems due to the legal consequence will still remains the problem of interpretation. Eventually the Supreme Court 'an accident due to operation' would decide to stand in a relationship with Reasonable Causation (appropriate cause and effect), if the driver of the car involved a little error, the Supreme Court tend to admit extensive 'Due to operation'. The effort of Supreme Court which the legislative intent of the ADCL meets protection of victims, if possible, the decision to 'Due to operation' are widely recognized. Eventually it will be obvious that the victim will eventually work to its advantage. But look at the recent Supreme Court cases, inclined to admit the range of "due to Operation" widely. So it is possible that article of ADCL will be to destroy. How to interpret the validity of the loss of these specific concerns raised violate the legal stability, so interpretation of 'Due to operation' is needed a reasonable restriction. This Supreme court judgement inclined to admit the range of "due to driving" widely, for the victims are considered excessive in terms of protection. I oppose to the Final Judgement because reach contradictory conclusions to admit liability on ADCL if automobile is operating accident, though it keeps step with the purpose of legislation of ADCL which protects the victim sufficiently. Reckless interpretation of a stretch of "due to driving" is to shake the base of the ADCL, it's interpretation will have to be cautious.

재배도라지와 재배더덕의 化學成分 比較에 관한 硏究 : 第2報 無機成分 및 Amino acid 組成 Ⅱ. Compositions of Amino acid and Minerals

曺圭成,張榮相 안성산업대학교 1989 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

재배도라지와 재배더덕의 주요 아미노산은 16종이 밝혀졌으며, 총아미노산 함량은 각각 53.68㎎/g 및 67.03㎎/g였다. 주요 아미노산조성은 도라지에서는 arginine 37.95%, glutamic 23.42%, aspartic acid 7.69%. leucine 3.56%, alanine 3.26%, lysine 2.89%順으로 이들은 全아미노산의 78.68%를 점하였으며, 더덕에서는 arginine 49.74%, glutamic acid 15.65%, aspartic acid 6.40%, lysine 3.65%, alanine 3.08%, leucine 2.90%의 順이었으며, 이들은 全아미노산의 81.42%를 차지하였다. 무기성분은 도라지에서 9種을, 더덕에서는 8種을 확인 정량하였다. 도라지와 더덕 모두 K가 각각 9900ppm 및 14500ppm으로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 Ca로 2400ppm 및 3555ppm이었다. 무기성분의 함량크기는 도라지에서 K>Ca>Mg>Na>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu의 順이고, 더덕은 K>Ca>Mg>Na>Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu의 順으로 나타났다. 중금속인 Pb는 도라지에만 0.1ppm이 검출되었으나 허용기준치보다 적었으며, Cd는 도라지와 더덕 모두에 검출되지 않았다. The minerals and amino acid compositions of cultivated C. lanceolata and P. glandiforum were examined as the basic research for the study of their source of processed foods and medicines. Pattern of amino acid compositions between both C. lanceolata and P. glandiflorum was similarity. Major amino acid in the C. lanceolata and P. glandiflorum were arginine (P. glandiflorum 37.95%, C. lanceolata 49.74%), glutamic acid (23.42%, 15.65%), aspartic acid (7.69%, 6.40%), leucine (3.56%, 2.90%), alanine (3.26%, 3.08%) and lysine (2.89%, 3.65%), respectively. The riches mineral contained in the C. lanceolata and P. glandiflorum was noticed to be K and followed by Ca, Mg and Na Lead content was far bellow the authorized tolerance limits in the P.glandiflorum.

감초(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch) 추출물이 밀가루 물성 및 빵의 품질에 미치는 영향

조남지,최영주,조규성 안성산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

甘味 添加劑로서 甘草 엑기스를 제빵제조시 添加했을 때 반죽물성과 제품품질에 미치는 影響을 측정하기 위하여 farinograh, Extensograph, Amylograph를 측정하였고, 발효팽창력, 내상, 비용적, 관능검사 등을 조사하였다. 1. 사용한 甘草의 일반성분으로는 수분 73.7%, 조단백 4.1%, 조지방 2.8%, 조회분 1.4%였다. 2. 甘草 추출물의 添加量이 많을수록 Farinogram 측정에 있어서 수분 흡수율, 도착시간, 반죽 형성시간과 기계내성지수의 값은 커졌으며 안정도는 낮아졌다. 바로리메타값은 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 3. Extensograph 측정에 있어서는 甘草 추출물의 添加量이 증가함에 따라 신장저항도는 증가되고 신장도는 줄어들었다. 4. Amylograph 측정에 있어서는, 호화개시온도나 최고점도시 온도는 농도의 변화에 큰 차이가 없었으나, 최고점도는 甘草 추출물이 1.0% 이상시 크게 떨어지는 현상을 보였다. 5. 발효 팽창은 添加劑 증가시 감소되는 경향을 보였으며 비용적도 감소하였다. 6. 빵의 내관은 添加劑 증가시 더욱 거칠어지고, 조밀해졌으며 firmness의 증가가 뚜렷하였다. 7. 관능검사는 添加劑의 증가시 낮은 점수를 받았다. This study is to investigate the effect on the quality and properties of bread affected by licorice extract addition. The measurements of the farinograph, extensograph and amylograph on dough are cried out. And the evaluations of volumetric changes during fermentation, shape of bread crumb, sensory test, firmness are obtained results are as follows. 1. Proximate compositions of licorice extract are as follows : moisture 73.7%, crude protein 4.1%, crude lipid 2.8%, crude ash 1.4%. 2. Water absorption, arrival time, dough development time, mechanical tolerance index and valorimeter value are increased but stability is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 3. The resistance to extension is increased but extensibility is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 4. The initial pasting and highest viscosity temperatures are not affected but the highest viscosity is steeply decreased over 1.0% addition of licorice extract. 5. The volume of dough during fermentation and specific volume of bread is decreased with the addition of licorice extract. 6. The grain of bread is to be rough and irregular and the firmness is increased with the addition of licorice extract. 7. The records of sensory test are decreased with the addition of licorice extract.

합성골조 외부접합부의 전단변형에 관한 해석

조순호,선성규 광주대학교 산업기술연구소 2002 産業技術硏究 Vol.16 No.-

전편의 실험연구에 이어, 본 논문은 스프링모델을 사용한 합성접합부의 변형해석 모델을 설명하고 있다. 최근 들어 접합부상세에 따른 콘크리트의 구속특성을 고려한 접근방법이 Wight에 의해 제시되어, 이를 조사하였으며, 또한 실험결과와 비교하여 내진성능을 평가하였다. Wight는 변형예측을 위하여 평면응력에 근거한 간단한 해석을 제시하고 있으나, 본 연구의 접합부와는 상이한 구속 및 기하학적 조건을 포함하고 있으므로 구속계수 k_c값의 수정이 요구되었다. 이렇게 하여 예측된 결과는 실험결과와 어느 정도 일치하였다. Further to the companion paper that treats a experimental research carried out as part of this research, various analytical approaches to model the joint deformation based on a series of springs was also examined. Recently, To consider the enhanced characteristics of confined concrete depending on joint details, the procedure and an empirical constant for the enhanced strength suggested by Wight was adopted. The analytical model presented including the joint deformation can be used for the future overall building analyses. Further, modifications for defining the enhanced properties of confined concrete and inclination angles for struts and uniform, stress fields tests are necessary for present tests in predicting the shear versus shear strain response of a joint panel with the Wight's procedure.

高壓處理에 의한 食品加工의 展望

曺圭成 안성산업대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.25 No.-

솔잎(Pinus densifloras Z.)의 조성분이 전통 약주 발효에 미치는 영향

조남지,조민자,조규성 안성산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

藥酒 製造시 솔잎 添加 效果를 調査하기 위하여 솔잎 抽出物 첨가가 S. cerevisiae의 生育에 미치는 影響과, 솔잎분말을 添加한 제국 과정 중의 酵素 活性 및 약주 발효 과정 중 pH, 總酸, 알코올의 含量 變化를 調査하였다. 솔잎의 일반 성분으로는 수분 54.80%, 단백질 8.18%, 조지방 2.07%, 섬유 23.13%, 조회분 1.10%였다. 솔잎 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 S.cerevisiae의 증식을 억제하는 효과가 있었다. 제국 과정 중의 amylase 활성은 모든 시험구에서 제국 24시간에서 최고의 활성을 나타내었고, 솔잎 2.0%구는 대조구에 비하여 높은 활성을 보였다. 산성 protease 활성은 솔잎 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 효소활성이 높았으며, 솔잎 분말 2.0% 첨가구는 발효 24시간에서 활성이 가장 높았다. pH는 솔잎의 첨가량이 증가할수록 높았으나 발효기간이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 총산의 변화는 발효기간이 길어질수록 높았고, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0% 솔잎첨가구는 대조구에 비하여 총산의 함량이 높았으며 첨가량이 많아질수록 낮아졌다. 솔잎 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록 알코올의 함량은 대조구보다 낮았으나, 첨가량에 따른 큰 영향은 나타나지 않았다. The study is to investigate the effects of addition of pine needles's extract on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to investigate the changes of α-amylase activity, acid-protease activity, pH, total acidity, alcohol content during alcohol fermentation with variation of the amount of pine needles powder. The composition of pine needles sample were as follows : moisture 54.8%, crude protein 8.18%, crude lipid 2.07%, crude fiber 23.13%, crude ash 1.10%. Treatment groups with pine needles extract have an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. cerevisiae companre to control group. The highest activity of α-amylase was shown at 24 hours fermentation in all treatments and the only treated group with 2.0% addition of pine needles powder had higher amylase activity than that of control group. The activity of acid-protease in the treatments was higher than that of controls and the highest protease activity of 2.0% treated group was shown at 24 hours fermentation. The pH was increased in the adding more pine needles powder but it would be decreased with the lapse of fermentation time. The change of total acidity was increased with the longer fermentation. Although the content of total acidity was higher in 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% treated groups than that of control group, the small in addition of pine needles powder the less total acid content. Although the alcohol content of treated groups were a little lower than that of control group, there were no different effect on the alcohol content as the additive amount of pine needles powder.

재배도라지와 재배더덕의 化學成分 比較에 관한 硏究 : 第1報 一般成分, 遊離糖 및 Saponin組成 Ⅰ. Compositions of Proximate, Free Sugar and Saponin

曺圭成 안성산업대학교 1988 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

재배도라지와 재배더덕의 일반성분, 유리당 함량, 粗 saponin 및 個別 saponin(類似 gin-senosides)을 분석한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 도라지와 더덕에서 가장 많이 함유된 성분은 총당( 75.32% 및 67.41%)이고, 두번째는 단등은 도라지보다 더덕이 배이상 많은 함량이었다. 도라지와 더덕의 遊離糖조성은 sucrose, glucose, fructose등의 일반적인 단당류 및 이당류로 구성되었으며, sucrose가 각각 1.78% 및 1.92%로 가장 많았다. 도라지와 더덕의 crude saponin함량은 각각 2.01% 및 2.40%로 서로 비슷하였다. 또 HPLC로 분리정량한 도라지와 더덕의 개별 saponin(類似 ginsenosides)을 분석한 결과, 도라지에서는 ginsenoside-R_g1, R_e,R_d,R_c,R_b2,R_b1등 6종이 확인되고 3종의 미확인 물질이 나타났으며, 반면에 더덕은 ginsenoside-R_g1,R_e, R_d,R_b등 확인된 4종과 미확인된 2종의 물질이 있었다. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the proximate compositions, free sugars and saponin fractions of the roots of cultured C. lanceolata T. and P. grandiflorum N. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The proximate compositions of C. lanceolata and P. grandiflorum were in decreasing order, total sugars, crude protein, ash crude fat. 2. Free sugars from the root of C. lanceolate and P. grandiflorum were fructose, glucose and sucrose. Among the free sugars, it was shown that sucrose took maximum sugar contents. The contents of sucrose were higher in the P. grandiflorum than in the C. lanceolate. 3. The contents of crude saponin were 2.40% in the C. lanceolata and 2.01% in the P. grandiflorum. 4. The saponin fractions of C. lanceolata and P. grandiflorum were identified by HPLC-method. It was detected six peaks(ginsenoides-R_g1, R_e, R_d, R_c, R_b2, R_b1) in the C. lanceolata and also three unknown peaks. On the other hand, it was found that four peaks (ginsenoides-R_g, R_e, R_d, R_c) and two unknown peaks were in the P. glandiflorum.

高麗人蔘(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) 澱粉의 理化學的 特性

曺圭成,金海中 안성산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the morphology and distribution of starch granule in ginseng root. The results obtained are as follows; The starch contents of 4 years and 6 years old ginseng root were 28.62~39.26% and 29.33%~41.02%, respectively. Thus the starch content of genseng root was different depending on the potion of ginseng root and growing periods. The starch granules showed nearly round or oval shape having the diameter 2~8.5μ and their size were increased with a growing period of ginseng. The amylose and amylopectin content ratio of ginseng starch was 17~18% and 82~83%, respectively. And amylose was decreased with a growing period of ginseng.

高 Mn鋼의 冷間加工에 의한 物性的인 變化와 機械的性質에 관한 硏究

조성석,千炳善,李揆暢 충남대학교 공업교육연구소 1981 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

Austenite series high Mn-steels have a good wear-resistance but its preferred precipitation along the grain-boundary is the weakest point. Authors have studied on the prevention of preferred precipitation along the grain-boundary by the cold-working. Cold-working ranging from 10% to 30% was carried out in the liquid nitrogen atmosphere. Wear-resistance by cold-working was increased in 0.06-0.2㎎/113㎟ than the age-hardened materials. This can be explained by the effect of cold-working which induces the phase-transformation and cause to fine the grain-boundary.