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Liu, Shude,Yin, Ying,San Hui, Kwan,Hui, Kwun Nam,Lee, Su Chan,Chan Jun, Seong Elsevier 2019 ELECTROCHIMICA ACTA Vol.297 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Rational design of electrode structures has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. Herein, we demonstrate an integrated electrode in which nickel hydroxide (Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>) nanosheets are deposited on both sides of chemical vapor deposition-grown graphene on Ni foam, which not only effectively optimizes electrical conductivity of Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>, but also accommodates the structural deformation associated with the large volume change upon cycling. The synthesized Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene/Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>/Ni foam electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 991 C g<SUP>−1</SUP> at a current density of 1 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>, which is higher than the theoretical specific capacity of additive sum of Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB> and graphene, and retains 95.4% of the initial capacity after 5000 cycles. A hybrid supercapacitor is constructed by using Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>/graphene/Ni(OH)<SUB>2</SUB>/Ni foam as the positive electrode and activated carbon on Ni foam as the negative electrode, which achieves a maximum energy density of 49.5 W h kg<SUP>−1</SUP> at a power density of 750 W kg<SUP>−1</SUP>, and excellent cycling lifespans with 89.3% retention after 10000 cycles at 10 A g<SUP>−1</SUP>.</P>
Park, Chan-Mi,Kim, Hye-Min,Kim, Dong Hyun,Han, Ho-Jin,Noh, Haneul,Jang, Jae-Hyuk,Park, Soo-Hyun,Chae, Han-Jung,Chae, Soo-Wan,Ryu, Eun Kyoung,Lee, Sangku,Liu, Kangdong,Liu, Haidan,Ahn, Jong-Seog,Kim, Y Korean Society for Molecular and Cellular Biology 2016 Molecules and cells Vol.39 No.12
Ginsenosides, which are the active materials of ginseng, have biological functions that include anti-osteoporotic effects. Aqueous ginseng extract inhibits osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL). Aqueous ginseng extract produces chromatography peaks characteristic of ginsenosides. Among these peaks, ginsenoside Re is a major component. However, the preventive effects of ginsenoside Re against osteoclast differentiation are not known. We studied the effect of ginsenoside Re on osteoclast differentiation, RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in vitro. Ginsenoside Re hampered osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vivo zebrafish model, aqueous ginseng extract and ginsenoside Re had anti-osteoclastogenesis effects. These findings suggest that both aqueous ginseng extract and ginsenoside Re prevent bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Ginsenoside Re could be important for promoting bone health.
Kam C. Chan,Huayun Zhai,Qingzhuo Liu,Kemei Liu 한국증권학회 2020 Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies Vol.49 No.1
We examine the impact of having specialized environmental courts (SPECs) on corporate risk-taking in China. SPECs allow judges and prosecutors to develop environmental expertise and are accountable for environmental violations. Thus, SPECs effectively enforce environmental regulations. Our findings suggest that when a firm is located in an SPEC jurisdiction, it engages in less corporate risk-taking than an otherwise equivalent firm located in a non- SPEC jurisdiction. The results are more pronounced for firms that receive large government environmental subsidies and that are state-owned. Additional analysis suggests that firms make more environmental investments when located in an SPEC jurisdiction.
Residual empirical processes for nearly unstable long-memory time series
Ngai Hang Chan,Wei Wei Liu 한국통계학회 2010 Journal of the Korean Statistical Society Vol.39 No.3
This paper studies the goodness-of-fit test of the residual empirical process of a nearly unstable long-memory time series. Chan and Ling (2008) showed that the usual limit distribution of the KolmogorovSmirnov test statistics does not hold for an unstable autoregressive model. A key question of interest is what happens when this model has a near unit root, that is, when it is nearly unstable. In this paper, it is established that the statistics proposed by Chan and Ling can be generalized to encompass nearly unstable long-memory models. In particular, the limit distribution is expressed as a functional of an OrnsteinUhlenbeck process that is driven by a fractional Brownian motion. Simulation studies demonstrate that the limit distribution of the statistic possesses desirable finite sample properties and power.
Curved-quartic-function elements with end-springs in series for direct analysis of steel frames
Si-Wei Liu,Jake Lok Yan Chan,Rui Bai,Siu-Lai Chan 국제구조공학회 2018 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.29 No.5
A robust element is essential for successful design of steel frames with Direct analysis (DA) method. To this end, an innovative and efficient curved-quartic-function (CQF) beam-column element using the fourth-order polynomial shape function with end-springs in series is proposed for practical applications of DA. The member initial imperfection is explicitly integrated into the element formulation, and, therefore, the <i>P</i>-<i>δ</i> effect can be directly captured in the analysis. The series of zero-length springs are placed at the element ends to model the effects of semi-rigid joints and material yielding. One-element-per-member model is adopted for design bringing considerable savings in computer expense. The incremental secant stiffness method allowing for large deflections is used to describe the kinematic motion. Finally, several problems are studied in this paper for examining and validating the accuracy of the present formulations. The proposed element is believed to make DA simpler to use than existing elements, which is essential for its successful and widespread adoption by engineers.
Liu, Shude,Sankar, Kalimuthu Vijaya,Kundu, Aniruddha,Ma, Ming,Kwon, Jang-Yeon,Jun, Seong Chan American Chemical Society 2017 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.9 No.26
<P>Transition-metal-based heteronanoparticles are attracting extensive attention in electrode material design for supercapacitors owing to their large surface-to-volume ratios and inherent synergies of individual components; however, they still suffer from limited interior capacity and cycling stability due to simple geometric configurations, low electro-chemical activity of the surface, and poor structural integrity. Developing an elaborate architecture that endows a larger surface area, high conductivity, and mechanically robust structure is a pressing need to tackle the existing challenges of electrode materials. This work presents a supercapacitor electrode consisting of honeycomb-like biphasic Ni5P4-Ni2P (NixPy) nanosheets, which are interleaved by large quantities of nanoparticles. The optimized NixPy delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 1272 C g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1), high rate capability, and stability. An asymmetric slipercapacitor employing as-synthesized NixPy as the positive electrode and activated carbon as the negative electrode exhibits significantly high power and energy densities (67.2 W h kg(-1) at 0.75 kW kg(-1); 20.4 W h kg(-1) at 15 kW kg(-1)). These results demonstrate that the novel nanostructured NixPy can be potentially applied in highperformance supercapacitors.</P>
Liu, T.T.,Xu, Y.L.,Zhang, W.S.,Wong, K.Y.,Zhou, H.J.,Chan, K.W.Y. Techno-Press 2009 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.12 No.6
Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems have been recently embraced in long span cable-supported bridges, in which buffeting-induced stress monitoring is one of the tasks to ensure the safety of the bridge under strong winds. In line with this task, this paper presents a SHM-oriented finite element model (FEM) for the Tsing Ma suspension bridge in Hong Kong so that stresses/strains in important bridge components can be directly computed and compared with measured ones. A numerical procedure for buffeting induced stress analysis of the bridge based on the established FEM is then presented. Significant improvements of the present procedure are that the effects of the spatial distribution of both buffeting forces and self-excited forces on the bridge deck structure are taken into account and the local structural behaviour linked to strain/stress, which is prone to cause local damage, are estimated directly. The field measurement data including wind, acceleration and stress recorded by the wind and structural health monitoring system (WASHMS) installed on the bridge during Typhoon York are analyzed and compared with the numerical results. The results show that the proposed procedure has advantages over the typical equivalent beam finite element models.
Complexity science of multiscale materials via stochastic computations
Liu, Wing Kam,Siad, Larbi,Tian, Rong,Lee, Sanghoon,Lee, Dockjin,Yin, Xiaolei,Chen, Wei,Chan, Stephanie,Olson, Gregory B.,Lindgen, Lars-Erik,Horstemeyer, Mark F.,Chang, Yoon-Suk,Choi, Jae-Boong,Kim, Yo John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2009 International Journal for Numerical Methods in Eng Vol.80 No.6
<P>New technological advances today allow for a range of advanced composite materials, including multilayer materials and nanofiber-matrix composites. In this context, the key to developing advanced materials is the understanding of the interplay between the various physical scales present, from the atomic level interactions to the microstructural composition and the macroscale behavior. Using the developing ‘multiresolution data sets mechanics’, the ‘predictive science-based governing laws of the materials microstructure evolutions’ are derived and melted into a ‘stochastic multiresolution design framework.’ Under such a framework, the governing laws of the materials microstructure evolution will be essential to assess, across multiple scales, the impact of multiscale material design, geometry design of a structure, and the manufacturing process conditions, by following the cause–effect relationships from structure to property and then to performance.</P><P>The future integrated multiscale analysis system will be constructed based on a probabilistic complexity science-based mathematical framework. Its verification, validation and uncertainty quantification are done through carefully designed experiments, and the life-cycled materials design for products design and manufacturing is performed through the use of petascale computing. The various techniques of microstructure reconstruction result in the generation of model microstructures that, at some level, has the same statistical properties as the real heterogeneous media. Having reconstructed the heterogeneous medium, one can then evaluate its effective properties via direct numerical simulation and compare these values with experimentally measured properties of the actual medium. The proposed analysis will be dynamic in nature to capture the multi-stage historical evolvement of material/structure performance over the life span of a product. In addition to providing more accurate assessment of structure performance with stochastic multiscale analysis, our development will provide the capability of predicting structure failures and system reliability to enable more reliable design and manufacturing decisions in product development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>