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Raghavan, C.M.,Kim, J.W.,Song, T.K.,Kim, S.S. Pergamon Press 2016 Materials research bulletin Vol.74 No.-
<P>The structural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of a Mn-doped BiFe0.95Mn0.05O3 (BFMO) thin film grown on a (0 0 l) textured Ge-doped ZnO (GZO)/Si(1 0 0) substrate are reported. The GZO served as a buffer layer for improving the.grain growth and the crystallization of the BFMO thin film. Predominantly, the GZO layer, which promotes the grain growth of the (l 0 0) textured BFMO thin film, was utilized as both top and bottom electrodes to assess the electrical and the ferroelectric properties of the BFMO thin film. A study of the electrical properties revealed a low leakage current density (4.95 x 10(-6) A/cm(2) at 100 kV/cm) and a large stability against electrical breakdown for the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor. The ferroelectric study determined a large value for the remnant polarization (2P(r)), 78.37 mu C/cm(2), at an applied electric field of 895 kV/cm for the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor. Furthermore, the GZO/BFMO/GZO capacitor showed stable polarization switching even after 1.44 x 10(10) electrical cycles. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Raghavan, C.M.,Kim, E.S.,Kim, J.W.,Kim, S.S. Elsevier 2013 Ceramics international Vol.39 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Pure BiFeO<SUB>3</SUB> and rare earth and transition metal ions co-doped (Bi<SUB>0.9</SUB>Dy<SUB>0.1</SUB>)(Fe<SUB>0.975</SUB>TM<SUB>0.025</SUB>)O<SUB>3±δ</SUB> (TM=Ni<SUP>2+</SUP>, Cr<SUP>3+</SUP> and Ti<SUP>4+</SUP>) thin films were prepared on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(100) substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. The changes in the microstructure and the electrical properties with doping elements were investigated. The thin films were well crystallized and randomly oriented, with no detectable impurity and secondary phases. The leakage current densities were reduced and the ferroelectric properties were improved in the co-doped thin films. Among the thin films, the (Bi<SUB>0.9</SUB>Dy<SUB>0.1</SUB>)(Fe<SUB>0.975</SUB>Cr<SUB>0.025</SUB>)O<SUB>3</SUB> thin film exhibited well saturated hysteresis loops with remnant polarization (2<I>P</I> <SUB> <I>r</I> </SUB>) of 36μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and coercive electric field (2<I>E</I> <SUB> <I>c</I> </SUB>) of 954kV/cm at 1000kV/cm and low leakage current density of 1.91×10<SUP>−5</SUP> A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 100kV/cm. The enhanced properties observed in the co-doped thin films could be considered as being the result of the suppression of oxygen vacancies and of the modified microstructure.</P>
Raghavan, C.M.,Choi, J.Y.,Kim, S.S. Ceramurgica ; Elsevier Science Ltd 2016 Ceramics international Vol.42 No.8
In the current study, a series of lanthanide ions, Tm, Yb and Lu, were used for doping at the Bi-site of the Aurivillius phase Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (NaBTi) to investigate the structural, electrical and ferroelectric properties of the thin films. In this regard, Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> and the rare earth metal ion-doped Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.0</SUB>RE<SUB>0.5</SUB>i<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> (RE=Tm, Yb and Lu, denoted by NaBTmTi, NaBYbTi, and NaBLuTi, respectively) thin films were deposited on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/Si(100) substrates by using a chemical solution deposition method. Formations of the Aurivillius phase orthorhombic structures for all the thin films were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopic studies. Based on the experimental results, the rare earth metal ion-doped Na<SUB>0.5</SUB>Bi<SUB>4.0</SUB>RE<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ti<SUB>4</SUB>O<SUB>15</SUB> thin films exhibited a low leakage current and the improved ferroelectric properties. Among the thin films, the NaBLuTi thin film exhibited a low leakage current density of 6.96x10<SUP>-7</SUP>A/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at an applied electric field of 100kV/cm and a large remnant polarization (2P<SUB>r</SUB>) of 26.7μC/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at an applied electric field of 475kV/cm.
Yan, C.,Raghavan, C.M.,Kang, D.J. North-Holland 2014 Materials letters Vol.116 No.-
Herein, we report the synthesis of high-quality, shape-controlled, single crystalline, ultra-long Te nanowires (NWs) via a facile hydrothermal method. Based on micro-structural investigation, the most preferential growth direction of as-grown Te NWs was found to be along the c-axis. The as-synthesized Te NWs acted as potential catalysts to efficiently decompose organic toluidine blue O (TBO) dye (95%) within 1h under ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation at room temperature. Additionally, when compared with the bulk form, ultra-long Te absorbs not only UV light, but also visible light at ~720nm, indicating that ultra-long Te NWs may be able to utilize the full solar spectrum with a further decrease in size.