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Intrusion Detection by Using Hybrid of Decision Tree And K-Nearest Neighbor
Bilal Ahmad,Wang Jian,Muhammad Shafiq 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.9 No.12
In the modern age of information technology security of valuable asset become much important issue. Intrusion detection system plays a most important role in this area. It protects the system by attacks or threats by unauthorized access or person. The previous study has identified the need for more enhancements in the research of intrusion detection. This study gives the outline for intrusion detection and proposed a hybrid classification based method based on Decision Tree and K-Nearest Neighbor. This experiment perform on the bases of cross-10 fold validation techniques on the basis of decision tree and KNN classifiers and proposed hybrid classifier by using KDD cup dataset. Experimental result shows that the proposed idea gives good result as compared to individual base algorithms
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Madiha SHAFIQ,Bilal Bin SAEED 한국유통과학회 2022 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.9 No.5
The purpose of this study is to examine how change recipients react to change (affective commitment to change) and how change leads to positive consequences (job satisfaction) in Revolution and Evolution, taking into account the change content (perceived change impact), change context (change climate), and change process (participation in the change process). The present study uses a deductive approach with an exploratory research design. Data was collected from 254 employees of the head offices of three major banks, who have gone through Revolution, and 354 employees of the head offices, three banks who have gone through Evolution in the last five years. The hypothesized model is tested and analyzed through structural equation modeling using SmartPLS. The findings revealed that, in the case of Revolution, the presence of the favorable context and process might revert the negative perception of the change and lead towards explicit positive reactions (affective commitment to change) and change consequences (job satisfaction). In the case of Evolution, the change can be more effectively implemented using favorable context and process by achieving explicit positive reactions (affective commitment to change) and change consequences (job satisfaction).
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Faizan Iqbal,Bilal Shafiq,Syed Shahid Noor,Zulfiqar Ali,Nouman Memon,Naveed Memon 대한정형외과학회 2020 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.12 No.4
Background: Periprosthetic joint infection is one of the devastating complications after primary total knee arthroplasty, which increases the financial burden on patients and affects their quality of life as well. The financial burden of periprosthetic joint infection after joint replacement in developed countries is well known. There is a need to evaluate the economic burden in developing countries such as Pakistan. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective, case-control study conducted at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Cases of primary total knee arthroplasty performed during this study were divided into 2 groups: uneventful primary total knee arthroplasty and periprosthetic joint infection treated with 2-stage revision. To calculate the final cost, we divided the total hospital cost into the hospital stay cost and operating room cost. Results: During study period, 32 patients were diagnosed with periprosthetic joint infection. The total cost of revision surgery for periprosthetic joint infection considering 2 hospitalizations was 1,780,222 ± 313,686 Pakistani rupee (PKR). The total cost of uneventful arthroplasty was 390,172 ± 51,460 PKR. We observed significant difference with respect to economic details between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Management of periprosthetic joint infection was 4.5 times more expensive than uneventful primary total knee arthroplasty. Measures should be undertaken to reduce the prevalence of periprosthetic joint infection, thereby reducing patients’ economic burden.
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Synthesis and Characterization of Mg-Matrix Based TiO2/Al2O3 Composite Materials
Mohammad Sohail,Sanaullah Khan,Shafiq ur Rahman,Bilal Ahmad,Adnan Adnan,Ihsan Ullah 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.4
Based on low density, Mg metal-based composites exhibit high specific mechanical properties and are actively used for weightcritical structural application. In the present study, Mg-matrix based TiO2/Al2O3 composite materials were synthesized byusing the powder metallurgy (Solid-phase) technique. Parameters such as the concentration of the components, temperature,and pressure were optimized before experiments. Different conditions such as temperature (30 °C) and pressure (760 mmof Hg) were also optimized. Pellets of the Mg-based composites and their pure constituent counterparts of various diameters(10–20 cm) were prepared under 50 tons of hydraulic pressure. Single-phase homogenous composites were obtainedby undertaking the pellets through sintering in an electric furnace at elevated temperature (600 °C) for 1 h. The preparedmaterials were tested for different properties using various physicochemical techniques such as Fourier transform infraredspectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Surface area analyzer. FTIRresults confirmed composite formation. SEM revealed microstructures of all materials in the μm range. XRD proved thephase-distribution and crystallinity of the prepared materials. It was found that 2 and 3-component systems are homogenizedwhen prepared by the powder metallurgy technique. The surface area of all materials was confirmed using the BET adsorptionisotherm equation. The surface area of the prepared composites was found to be in the range from 40 to 70 m2/g. Suchproperties enable these materials for potential application in solar reflectance and as a catalyst in liquid phase hydrogenation.
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