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Assessment of Midwifery Student Preparation for Performing the Role of Breast Cancer Educator
Bien, Agnieszka Maria,Korzynska-Pietas, Magdalena,Iwanowicz-Palus, Grazyna Jolanta Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.14
Purpose: Our research project aimed at presenting midwifery student self-assessment of performing the role of breast cancer prevention educator. Materials and Methods: Investigations were carried out in 2011 at the Medical University of Lublin in Poland, and Katolieke Hogeschool of Kortrijk in Belgium, after obtaining approval of the ethical committee of Polish Midwives Association (III/EC/2011/PMA). The project involved a total of 155 midwifery students, made up of 95 from Poland, and 60 from Belgium. Relations between opposing characteristics were tested with Chi-square ($x^2$) test for independent traits. To assess the dependence relation between the examined variables Pearson's corrected coefficient was used. Data base and statistics were carried out with computer software STATISTICA 9.0 (StatSoftPoland). Conclusions: Student knowledge on prevention against breast cancer was unsatisfactory. The students place of residence determined their self-estimation of personal knowledge of breast cancer prevention and diagnosing methods to assess the incidence of the disease, this knowledge being better with the students of Lublin. Better self-estimation in the students of Lublin of their personal knowledge on factors rising the risk of breast cancer, such as alimentation method, application of oral contraceptives and breast feeding was found than in Belgian students.
Bien Dong Che,Le-Thu T. Nguyen,Bao Quoc Nguyen,Ha Tran Nguyen,Thang Van Le,Nieu Huu Nguyen 한국고분자학회 2014 Macromolecular Research Vol.22 No.11
Radar absorbing materials (RAMs) for practical applications are expected not only to have strong microwaveabsorption and a wide absorption bandwidth, but also to be lightweight, to have a fine thickness and acceptablestructural performance, as well as being cost-effective. Although the dispersion of carbon-nanofillers in polymermatrices is a key factor determining the microwave absorbing properties of the composites, there have few studieson these effects. To our knowledge, to date, the realization of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/polymercomposites as RAMs in industrial production has been restricted, due to high CNT contents or large composite thicknesses. Thus, in this work, two MWCNT dispersion processing methods, a solution process with surfactant-aid anda ball-milling dispersion, were investigated to fabricate pristine MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites. The effects of thedifferent dispersion processes, CNT loading, and composite thickness on CNT dispersion in the matrix, were observedby TEM, and the electrical conductivity and X-band absorbing performance of the composites were assessed. Theuse of an ionic surfactant to aid the dispersion of CNTs in solution resulted in the best RAMs, with a good compromiseamong effective X-band absorption, small composite thickness, and very low CNT content. The ball-millingmethod also resulted in materials with a low CNT content and microwave absorbing performance acceptable forindustrial applications. Moreover, it offers a very simple and efficient route suitable for low-cost, mass productionof RAMs. The results showed that by facile approaches of dispersing pristine commercial MWCNTs in an epoxyresin matrix, composites of only 2-3 mm thickness and as little as 0.25-0.5 wt% CNT loading could be obtained,with a relatively wide X-band operating bandwidth and maximum absorptions exceeding 18-25 dB.
구형 및 평면 원자현미경 탐침에 대한 2차원 소재의 마찰 특성
Bien-Cuong Tran Khac,정구현 한국트라이볼로지학회 2019 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.35 No.4
Two-dimensional materials such as graphene, h-BN, and MoS2 have attracted increased interest as solid lubricant and protective coating layer for nanoscale devices owing to their superior mechanical properties and low friction characteristics. In this work, the frictional properties of single-layer graphene, h-BN, and MoS2 are experimentally investigated under various normal forces using atomic force microscope (AFM) tips with a spherical and flat end, with the aim to gain a better understanding of frictional behaviors. The nonlinear relationship between friction and normal force friction was clearly observed for single-layer graphene, h-BN, MoS2 specimens slid against the spherical and flat AFM tips. The results also indicate that single-layer graphene, h- BN, MoS2 exhibit low frictional properties (e.g., friction coefficient below 0.1 under 70~100 nN normal force). In particular, graphene is found to be superior to h-BN and MoS2 in terms of frictional properties. However, the friction of single-layer graphene, h-BN, MoS2 against the flat tip is larger than that against the spherical tip, which may be attributed to the relatively large adhesion. Furthermore, it is shown that the fluctuation of friction is more significant for the flat tip than the spherical tip. The resutls of this study may be helpful to elucidate the feasibility of using two-dimensional materials as solid lubricant and protective coating layer for nanoscale devices.
Bien-Keem Tan,Harvey Chim,Zhi Yang Ng,Kong Wee Ong 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.4
Background: The advent of skin-sparing mastectomy has allowed for the reconstruction ofthe breast and nipple with improved cosmesis. However, the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) inAsian patients is more pigmented and scars easily. Therefore, commonly described incisionstend to result in poor aesthetic outcomes in Asian patients with breast cancer. Methods: We describe an algorithmic approach to skin-sparing mastectomy incisions inAsian patients on the basis of the location of the biopsy scar and the tumor site and size. Four incision types are described: peri-areolar, a peri-areolar incision with a second distantskin paddle, “racquet handle,” and peri-areolar with adjacent skin excision. Results: 281 immediate breast reconstructions were performed between May 2001 andFebruary 2012 after skin-sparing mastectomy. The mastectomy incisions used included theperi-areolar design (n=124, 44%), peri-areolar design with a second distant skin paddle(n=39, 14%), “racquet handle” (n=21, 7.5%), and peri-areolar design with adjacent skinexcision (n=42, 14%). The traditional elliptical incision and other variants where the NACoutline was not preserved were performed in the remaining 55 patients. The average followupwas 44.7 months during which there was 1 case of total flap loss and 7 cases of partial flapnecrosis; all remaining flaps survived. 24% of the patients (68/281) underwent subsequentnipple reconstruction. Conclusions: Our algorithm avoids breast incisions that are randomly placed or excessivelylong and prevents the unnecessary sacrifice of normal breast skin. This allows skin-sparingmastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction to be performed with a consistentlyachievable aesthetic result in Asian women without neglecting oncological safety.
Subunit Principle of Vulvar Reconstruction: Algorithm and Outcomes
Bien-Keem Tan,Gavin Chun-Wui Kang,Eng Hseon Tay,Yong Chen Por 대한성형외과학회 2014 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.41 No.4
Background: Vulvar defects result chiefly from oncologic resection of vulvar tumors. Reconstructionof vulvar defects restores form and function for the purpose of coitus, micturition,and defecation. Many surgical options exist for vulvar reconstruction. The purpose of thisarticle is to present our experience with vulvar reconstruction. Methods: From 2007 to 2013, 43 women presented to us with vulvar defects for reconstruction. Their mean age at the time of reconstruction was 61.1 years. The most commoncause of vulvar defect was from resection of vulvar carcinoma and extramammary Paget’sdisease of the vulva. Method s of reconstruction ranged from primary closure to skin graftingto the use of pedicled flaps. Results: The main complications were that of long term hypertrophic and/or unaestheticscarring of the donor site in 4 patients. Twenty-two patients (51%) were able to resume sexualintercourse. There were no complications of flap loss, wound dehiscence, and urethral stenosis. Conclusions: We present a subunit algorithmic approach to vulvar reconstruction based ondefect location within the vulva, dimension of the defect, and patient age and comorbidity. The gracilis and gluteal fold flaps are particularly versatile and aesthetically suited for reconstructionof a variety of vulvar defects. From an aesthetic viewpoint the gluteal fold flap wassuperior because of the well-concealed donor scar. We advocate the routine use of these 2flaps for vulvar reconstruction.
A NOTE ON LOCAL COMMUTATORS IN DIVISION RINGS WITH INVOLUTION
Bien, Mai Hoang Korean Mathematical Society 2019 대한수학회보 Vol.56 No.3
In this paper, we consider a conjecture of I. N. Herstein for local commutators of symmetric elements and unitary elements of division rings. For example, we show that if D is a finite dimensional division ring with involution ${\star}$ and if $a{\in}D^*=D{\setminus}\{0\}$ such that local commutators $axa^{-1}x^{-1}$ at a are radical over the center F of D for every $x{\in}D^*$ with $x^{\star}=x$, then either $a{\in}F$ or ${\dim}_F\;D=4$.