Evaluating the Usage of Social Medias in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Methodological Limitations and Adjustments

Alghamdi, Deena International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.1

This research aimed to provide a profound description of the practices of social media users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), specifically the users of Facebook^® (FB) and Snapchat^® (SC), the reasons for these practices, decisions made, and the people involved. Such research would be of significant help to designers and policymakers of social media applications in understanding user practices when using social media applications and the reasons for such practices in the KSA. This better comprehension would be of significant help in improving current applications and creating new ones. According to the data analysis, there was a clear preference for SC over FB in the KSA. Most participants with SC accounts were described as very active users, accessing their accounts at least once a day compared to FB users. The users were led by this high preference for SC to create new words derived from the name of the application and use them in daily life. We showed our experience of carrying out a study in which the main objective was to collect factual empirical data from participants about their daily usage of social media applications while considering the unique cultural settings in the KSA. Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were used to triangulate the data, increasing its trustworthiness and validity. Multiple perspectives were obtained using various data collection methods. Therefore, conclusions would not be confounded with limitations of any particular methodology or with conditions of any collection rounds. This research would constitute a valuable guide for researchers intending to use methods with male and female informants from different cultures, preparing them for potential challenges and suggesting possible solutions.

On the Scale in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Facebook vs. Snapchat

Alghamdi, Deena International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

This research aims to analyse the practices adopted by social media users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), specifically users of Facebook and Snapchat. To collect data from participants, a questionnaire was used, generating 915 responses. The analysis of the data shows a clear preference for Snapchat over Facebook in the KSA, where 89% of the participants have accounts on Snapchat compared to 66% of them with accounts on Facebook. Moreover, the preference for Snapchat over Facebook has been clearly shown in the daily usage of participants, where 83% of those with Snapchat accounts can be described as very active users. They have accessed their Snapchat accounts at least once a day compared to only 15% of Facebook users. Different reasons were provided by the participants explaining the practices they adopted. We believe that such research could help social media applications' designers and policy makers to understand the behaviour of users in the KSA when using social media applications and the rationale behind their behaviour and preferences. This understanding could help improve the performance of current applications and new ones.

"How can you live without using Snapchat?" Practical Study for the Usage of Facebook and Snapchat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi, Deena International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.12

This study aims to provide an in-depth description of the practices of social media users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)-specifically the users of Facebook and Snapchat-and the reasons for these practices, the decisions made, and the people involved. Qualitative methods were used to collect data in two rounds from 53 participants. The data analysis shows a clear preference for Snapchat over Facebook among the participants, as shown in their using the application many times daily and in the creation and use of new words derived from the application's name. On the other hand, one of the main reasons mentioned by the participants for not preferring Facebook was the unclear policy of security and privacy used in the application. This reason is important for all social media users, but, in particular, it is crucial for female users, as shown in the data. This is important for the designers and policymakers of the social media applications to understand and consider, as it would help them improve the current applications and create new ones.

The Use of Blackboard by Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alghamdi, Deena International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.3

By using the Blackboard (BB) system in the education sector, the educational process for both academics and students is facilitated. Two data resources were used to evaluate the use of the BB system by students of Umm Al-Qura University: statistical reports issued by the university and an online questionnaire. A total of 989 students from all colleges and different programmes provided by the university responded to the questionnaire survey. According to our findings, most students did not use the BB before the pandemic. Therefore, the sudden conversion to the BB system required intensive training courses. After the data analysis, the relationship between the use of the BB system before the pandemic and the problems students faced during the lockdown was revealed. The most critical issues raised by the respondents were: (1) "The voice of the lecturer went on and off during BB collaborate class", (2) "internet connection of the lecturer went on and off during BB collaborate class" and (3) "High possibility of IT problems during exams".

Toxicological and biological effects of some plant extracts on the house mosquito Culex pipiens , the dominant species in Jeddah governorate

Alghamdi Abdullah Gurullah 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.8

Mosquitoes are a vector of dangerous diseases that kill millions of people annually. The traditional methods of control depend on the use of pesticides, which leads to the emergence of resistance against them over time, in addition to the pollution they leave in the environment and the targeting of beneficial organisms. Therefore, this study aimed to use extracts of natural products from Juniperus procera and Dodonaea viscosa plants in the control of mosquito larvae of Culex pipiens, as well as their applications in nanoparticle synthesis and effectiveness on mosquito larvae. These nanoparticles were determined and confirmed using multiple techniques, including UV–visible spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The IC50 values of the extracts plus silver nanoparticles were 20.871 and 105.166 ppm, a 5.03- and 2.17-fold increase over the individual extracts, with IC50 values of 105.166 and 228.271 ppm, respectively. In addition, some morphological deformations were observed on the treated larvae through the stage of larval development into a pupa and the stage of emergence from a pupa into a complete insect.

Biological effect of two plant extracts against house flies (Musca domesticaL.) as a sustainable approach for vector disease control

Alghamdi Tariq Saeed 한국곤충학회 2021 Entomological Research Vol.51 No.12

The house fly, Musca domestica (L.) has a worldwide distribution and acts as a source of nuisance and a common vector for several diseases in humans and livestock. The present study aimed to investigate the biological activity of plant extracts (Juniperus procera and Ficus palmata) along with their synthesized silver nanoparticle (AgNP) solutions against the second larval stage of house flies. Larval bioassay experiments were conducted using feeding and dipping methods at various concentrations. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by visual observation, UV–visible and FTIR spectroscopy. The results showed biochemical effects of the tested extracts on the treated larvae and different growth stages of the house fly. Using the feeding and dipping methods, the concentration required to inhibit 50% of the adult fly emergence (IC50 value) was 2.62% and 4.19% with J. procera and 0.71% and 1.29% with F. palmata, respectively. The crude extracts mixed with silver nanoparticles showed significantly decreased IC50 values at 1.09% and 1.23% for J. procera and 0.32% and 0.45% for F. palmata using the feeding and dipping methods, respectively. Further, the feeding method with both crude extracts showed about 1.60 and 1.80 times more effective control against the larval stages compared to that in case of the dipping method. In addition, the F. palmata extract was about 3.66 and 3.20-fold more effective against flies compared to J. procera using the feeding and dipping method, respectively. Overall, this study suggests using of the tested extracts of plants as promising biological agents and safe options for sustainable pest management.

"How can you live without using Snapchat?" Practical Study for the Usage of Facebook and Snapchat in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi, Deena International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.spc12

This study aims to provide an in-depth description of the practices of social media users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA)-specifically the users of Facebook and Snapchat-and the reasons for these practices, the decisions made, and the people involved. Qualitative methods were used to collect data in two rounds from 53 participants. The data analysis shows a clear preference for Snapchat over Facebook among the participants, as shown in their using the application many times daily and in the creation and use of new words derived from the application's name. On the other hand, one of the main reasons mentioned by the participants for not preferring Facebook was the unclear policy of security and privacy used in the application. This reason is important for all social media users, but, in particular, it is crucial for female users, as shown in the data. This is important for the designers and policymakers of the social media applications to understand and consider, as it would help them improve the current applications and create new ones.

A Proposed Framework for the Automated Authorization Testing of Mobile Applications

Alghamdi, Ahmed Mohammed,Almarhabi, Khalid International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.5

Recent studies have indicated that mobile markets harbor applications (apps) that are either malicious or vulnerable, compromising millions of devices. Some studies indicate that 96% of companies' employees have used at least one malicious app. Some app stores do not employ security quality attributes regarding authorization, which is the function of specifying access rights to access control resources. However, well-defined access control policies can prevent mobile apps from being malicious. The problem is that those who oversee app market sites lack the mechanisms necessary to assess mobile app security. Because thousands of apps are constantly being added to or updated on mobile app market sites, these security testing mechanisms must be automated. This paper, therefore, introduces a new mechanism for testing mobile app security, using white-box testing in a way that is compatible with Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) working environments. This framework will benefit end-users, organizations that oversee app markets, and employers who implement the BYOD trend.

Differences in Users' Insights and Increase in The Acceptance Level for Using The BYOD Approach in Government, Non-Profit Organizations, and Private Sectors in Saudi Arabia

Alghamdi, Ahmed M.,Bahaddad, Adel A.,Almarhabi, Khalid A. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.7

Digital transformation represents one of the main obstacles facing several government, private, and non-profit sectors that help stabilize digital transformation in the Arabic region. One of the helpful ways to improve the level of freedom, productivity, and flexibility among employees to accept the BYOD approach is using their own devices to perform their work both in and outside the workplace. This study focuses to present the differences between the main three economic sectors, which represent the most important pillars of the economy in Saudi Arabia within the Kingdom's Vision 2030. BYOD also has great importance to the stakeholders for raising their awareness by expressing the implications, if the concept of BYOD is widely and correctly adopted. The study uses the diffusion of innovation (DOI) framework and quantitative analysis data to determine the main dimensions and important factors that help increase the awareness of the target audience. The number of participants in this study was 830, and the participants are mixing between the government, private, and non-profit sectors. The main findings showed a significant impact of several factors such as the importance of knowledge, ease of use, employee satisfaction, risk awareness, and attention to increase the level of acceptance in three main sectors study for using the BYOD approach widespread and professional use.

EXECUTION TIME AND POWER CONSUMPTION OPTIMIZATION in FOG COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

Alghamdi, Anwar,Alzahrani, Ahmed,Thayananthan, Vijey International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2021 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.21 No.1

The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is at the forefront of present and future research activities. The huge amount of sensing data from IoT devices needing to be processed is increasing dramatically in volume, variety, and velocity. In response, cloud computing was involved in handling the challenges of collecting, storing, and processing jobs. The fog computing technology is a model that is used to support cloud computing by implementing pre-processing jobs close to the end-user for realizing low latency, less power consumption in the cloud side, and high scalability. However, it may be that some resources in fog computing networks are not suitable for some kind of jobs, or the number of requests increases outside capacity. So, it is more efficient to decrease sending jobs to the cloud. Hence some other fog resources are idle, and it is better to be federated rather than forwarding them to the cloud server. Obviously, this issue affects the performance of the fog environment when dealing with big data applications or applications that are sensitive to time processing. This research aims to build a fog topology job scheduling (FTJS) to schedule the incoming jobs which are generated from the IoT devices and discover all available fog nodes with their capabilities. Also, the fog topology job placement algorithm is introduced to deploy jobs into appropriate resources in the network effectively. Finally, by comparing our result with the state-of-art first come first serve (FCFS) scheduling technique, the overall execution time is reduced significantly by approximately 20%, the energy consumption in the cloud side is reduced by 18%.