최신판례분석 : 우연한 비밀청취 및 녹음행위의 죄책 - 대법원 2016. 5. 12. 선고 2013도15616 판결 -

이용식1 ( Lee Yong-sik ) 법조협회 2016 法曹 Vol.65 No.8

대상판결의 피고인은 최초에는 통신비밀보호법이 금지하지 아니하는 대화당사자간녹음을 하고 있었다. 대화당사자간의 비밀녹음은 대화 상대방이 비밀녹음을 인식하거나 이에 동의하지 아니하였어도 통신비밀보호법 위반이 아니므로, 피고인은 최초로 녹음기를 작동시킬 시점에서는 아무런 범죄행위를 저지르지 아니한 것인데, 이와 같은 불가벌적인 행위가 진행되는 도중에 우연히 ‘공개되지 아니한` 대화 상황에 놓여 이후 녹음을 계속하는 행위가 가벌적이라면, 그 근거가 무엇인지 문제된다. 대상판결에서 2심 법원과 대법원이 피고인의 ‘우연한 비밀녹음`이 당연히 작위범이라고 판단한 것은 수긍하기 어렵다. 피고인의 입장에서 볼 때 그는 최초에 적법한 녹음을 한 것이었다. 그러나 녹음이 계속되는 도중에 우연히 주변 상황의 변동으로 인하여 ‘비밀녹음` 상태로 돌입한 경우 최초의 합법적 녹음이 갑작스레 범죄행위로 돌입할 수 있는지는 의문이다. 그런 점에서 1심 법원이 부작위범으로 행위태양을 파악한 것은 일면 수긍할만하다. 그러나 피고인이 당사자 간 대화를 녹음한 이후에, 공개되지 아니한 대화를 ‘청취`한행위는 유죄로 인정되는데, ‘녹음`한 행위는 무죄라는 이러한 1심법원의 결론은 아무래도 매우 불합리하다. 청취행위가 유죄라면 녹음행위는 더더욱 유죄가 인정되어야 할것이기 때문이다. 공개되지 않은 타인간의 대화를 녹음하는 휴대폰은 위험원이라 볼수 있으므로 휴대폰에 대한 피고인의 안전ㆍ관리의무가 배제될 수는 없을 것이어서, 이에 대한 작위의무가 있다고 보아 이를 이행하지 아니한 점을 이유로 부작위범의 성립을 인정할 수 있었을 것이라 본다. 사안에서 피고인이 만약 기자가 아닌 국가기관이었다면 유죄로 인정한 대상판결의 결론이 타당하다고 생각될 것이다. 그렇다면 일반인의 경우에는 어떻게 평가를 하여야 할 것인가? 이러한 점들을 생각하면 행위주체의 특수성을 지나치게 고려하기보다는 결국 형법이론에 충실하게 중심을 잡아나가야 할 것이다. By The Protection of Communications Secrets Act Article 14(1), no person shall record a conversation between others that is not open to the public or listen to it through the employment of electronic or mechanical devices. It is obvious that intentional wiretapping and recording are prohibited by the Act. In contrast, it is unclear accidental wiretapping and recording should be regulated by the criminal law. The Supreme Court has ruled if planned or not, wiretapping and recording without permission of every party in the conversation are considered crime even if it is technically legal in the first place. In this case, the Supreme Court has premised that secret wiretapping and recording are the crime of commission, not the crime of omission. The essential difference between the crime of commission and omission is the latter requires additional factor to establish a crime. The position and duty of guarantor prerequisite for actus reus of the crime of omission. Surely, it is not necessarily true that the specific omission `action` always be innocent. In this article`s case, if the defendant has the position and duty of a guarantor from the good faith law, continuation of wiretapping and recording sufficiently be guilty even though it is treated as an omission. Nevertheless, if certain `action` regards as a commission rather than omission, it constitutes a crime more easily. In this point of view, it should be alert that the enlargement of the scope of commission. It may threaten the principle of legality.

급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건군과 지연 재건군의 결과 비교

이용식,이수원,서병호,김윤기,Lee, Yong Sik,Lee, Soo Won,Seo, Byung Ho,Kim, Yoon Gi 대한관절경학회 2013 대한관절경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건술과 지연 재건술 간의 관절 강직 발생 정도와 임상적 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 3월부터 2011년 10월까지 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자 중 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행한 32예를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 예에서 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하여 경경골 단일 다발 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행하였으며, 수상 후 1주 이내에 재건술을 시행한 조기 재건군과 수상 후 3주에서 6주 사이에 재건술을 시행한 지연 재건군으로 나누어 수술 전까지 적극적인 관절 운동을 시행하였다. 술 후에 적극적인 재활 치료를 시행한 후 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사, 관절 운동 범위, Lysholm 점수, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 점수, Tegner 활동도 점수를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 최종 추시에서 Lysholm 점수는 조기 재건군 92.1점, 지연 재건군 93.8점이었고 IKDC 점수는 전례에서 B(거의 정상)이상으로 회복되었다(p=0.808, p=0.722). Tegner 활동도 점수는 조기 재건군 6.6점, 지연 재건군 6.2점이었고 (p=0.480) 관절 운동 범위는 최대 굴곡각 및 최대 신전각이 조기 재건군에서 각각 평균 $133.9^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.4^{\circ}$ 지연 재건군에서 평균 $133.6^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.1^{\circ}$로 양군 간에 차이가 없었으며(p=0.560, p=0.581) 심부 정맥 혈전증이나 감염은 모든 예에서 발생하지 않았다. 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사 결과도 양군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.750). 결론: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 및 지연 재건군 모두에서 만족할 만한 임상적 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 수상 후 1주 이내에 시행하는 조기 재건술도 좋은 치료 방법의 하나로 선택될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Purpose: This study performed to compare degree of joint stiffness and clinical results between early and delayed reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Patients who underwent PCL reconstruction between March 2008 and October 2011 enrolled this study. We performed transtibial single bundle reconstruction using the allo-achilles tendon in all cases. We divided the patient into two groups, early reconstruction group underwent surgery before a week, delayed reconstruction group underwent surgery after 3 weeks, before 6 weeks. All the patients underwent aggressive joint motion exercise till surgery and enrolled post operative rehabilitation program. We checked posterior drawer stress radiography, range of motion, the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Tegner score to evaluate the results. Results: At the final follow up the Lysholm score was 92.1 in the early group and 93.8 in the delayed group. All the cases were rated above B (near normal) on IKDC score (p=0.808, p=0.722). The Tegner score was 6.6 in the early reconstruction group and 6.2 in the delayed group (p=0.480), The average of maximum flexion and extension angle was $133.9^{\circ}$, $1.4^{\circ}$ in the early group and $133.6^{\circ}$, $1.1^{\circ}$ in the delayed group (p=0.560, p=0.581), no complication such as deep vein thrombosis or infection, no difference in posterior drawer stress radiography (p=0.750). Conclusion: We could obtain satisfactory clinical results in both the early and delayed reconstruction groups of acute PCL injuries. Therefore, the early reconstruction of PCL performed before a week could be one of the treatment options for acute PCL injury.

참조연계 서비스 구현을 위한 참고문헌 식별자 매칭 시스템

이용식,이상기,Lee, Yong-Sik,Lee, Sang-Gi 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 2010 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.41 No.3

서로 다른 정보자원 간의 연결을 의미하는 참조연계 서비스를 위해서는 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축과 식별자 매칭 작업이 필요하다. CrossRef, PubMed, Web Of Science 등의 많은 해외 기관들은 Inera의 eXstyles, Parity Computings의 Reference Extractor 등의 자동화 도구들을 이용하여 DOI, PMID 등의 식별자를 기반으로 하는 참조연계 체제를 구축하였다. 국내에서도 한국과학기술정보연구원, 한국연구재단 등의 여러 기관에서 참고문헌 데이터베이스를 구축하고 있다. 그러나 각 단체별로 채택하고 있는 다양한 참고문헌 기술 형식 때문에 망라적인 데이터베이스 구축은 많은 어려움에 직면해 있다. 이에 참고문헌을 자동으로 파싱하여 메타데이터를 추출하고, DOI, PMID, KOI의 식별자를 매칭하는 Citation Matcher 시스템을 개발하여 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축의 효율성을 향상시키고자 한다. A reference linking service that is connection of each other different information resource need to setup the reference database and to match identifier. CrossRef, PubMed and Web Of Science etc. the many overseas agencies developed reference linking service, that they used the automatic tools of Inera eXstyles, Parity Computings Reference Extractor etc. and setup in base DOI and PMID etc. Domestic the various agencies of KISTI(Korea Institute Science and Technology of Information), KRF(Korea Research Foundation) etc are construction reference database. But each research communities adopts a various reference bibliography writing format. As, the data base construction which is collect is confronting is many to being difficult. In this paper, We developed the Citation Matcher System. This system is automatic parsing the reference string to metadata and matching DOI, PMID and KOI as Identifier. It is improved the effectiveness of reference database setup.

Disciplinary Sport Administration / Management : 체육행정의 연구동향과 학문적 과제에 관한 고찰

이용식,김종필 ( Yong Sik Lee,Jong Pil Kim ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

전치 유도각의 인위적 증가에 의한 저작근과 하악 운동 양상의 변화에 대한 연구

이용식,최부병,Lee, Yong-Sik,Choi, Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

업체탐방-현대기계

이용식,Lee, Yong-Sik 한국발포스티렌재활용협회 2006 환경사랑 Vol.45 No.-

알긴산소오다 함량이 실험적 알지네이트 인상재의 압축변형율, 탄성회복율 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향

이용식,최부병,이성복,Lee Yong-Sik,Choi Boo-Byung,Lee Sung-Bok 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study was to search the influences of the increase of the contents of sodium alginate in the experimental alginates on the some mechanical properties. 3 commercial alginates were selected for the purpose of comparison of the results of experiments. 7 experimental alginates were manufactured with the rise of contents of sodium alginate from 8.8% to 18.3% with the decrease of contents of diatomaceous earth and with the constant contents of calcium sulfate 12.5%. sodium phosphate 2.2%, zinc fluoride 2.0%. Splitable metal mold with 12.5mm diameter and 20.0mm height was filled with mixed alginate to prepare the cylinder shaped specimens. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, compressive strength were tested using the ISO specification number 1563, alginate impression material. Experimental groups were 7, and 10 specimens were used for each test items and each groups. Following results were obtained ; 1. Strain in compression was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p=0.0077, r2 = 0.6302). 2. Elastic recovery was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents but was not significant(p=0.0639, r2=0.7449). 3. Compressive strength was increased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p<0.0001, r2 = 0.9617). These results mean that the increase of sodium alginate contents make alginate harder but may result the increased permanent deformation.

4차 산업혁명시대 도래에 따른 군(軍) 정보의 역할

이용식 ( Lee Yong-sik ),권영근 ( Kwon Yong-guen ),서효일 ( Seo Hy-oil ) 한국군사학회 2018 군사논단 Vol.95 No.-

The military information environment following the advent of the Fourth industrial revolution which was based on the internet and computer environment of the information age(3rd industrial revolution) will be transformed into hyper-connected and hyper-intelligent environments. Therefore, many systematic changes are expected to be made in information collection, analysis, processing, and utilization. Modern warfare is dominated by high technology based on intelligence, communication, electronics, software, wireless network. Contents that is the core of the IP-based digital field environment is information/intelligence. The past 3rd industrial revolution combat domain was made in three dimensions of ground, sea and air. Currently, although it is a beginner level, it is expanding into space and cyber space, As you can see in the Gulf war and 1998 Kosovo war, electronic warfare using electronic intelligence is the primary means of winning the war and the emitter analysis information is input to the electronic warfare device and used as jamming or deceiving data. Because of the difficult encryption algorithm, it is not easy to source decoding the original text. The location finding technique for the emitter is also a very important factor. It makes it possible to estimate the enemy intention, weapon system type, and movement route through the fusion analysis with the image intelligence. Modern advanced countries are moving toward a policy of pursuing superiority of intelligence in the construction of military power. In the 4th Industrial Revolution environment, all battlefield support systems(UAVs, satellites, IoT, AI, Wireless) such as information gathering, processing, storage, distribution, display, supply input data directly to weapon system, and decision making system are digitalized and they are connected to a highly encrypted C4I network system. Intelligence will be shared naturally to the end user. The future war is not based on the concept of destruction of personnel and industrial facilities by firepower but it will be the concept of destroying information systems, networks, etc. that create intelligence and knowledge in a large data. Also, the concept of battlefield was formed around the frontal area, but now it will develop into a non-linear, multi-dimensional war. If all the organizations such as government agencies, military, resources, energy, and transportation are organically connected to the network and any of them is destroyed, the function of the state can be paralyzed Considering the future 4th industrial revolution environment, the ROK military produce and build a database the information/intelligence gathered and processed by high-level experts in a multidimensional environment where civilians and military are integrated, and their data is mutually shared by various information systems connected to the network. It must be promptly entered into the final precision striking system and the operation must be carried out. In the future, as the paradigm shifts to 4th industrial revolution environment, the military organization structure will gradually change from the physical fire power-based to the information system-based organization. The advanced systems such as AI, IoT, wireless(5G), cloud system collect mass data, process big data, produce various intelligence quickly, and provide information needed for demanding units.

독일 문서위조죄의 연원에 관한 탐색 -위조의 보편성으로부터 문서위조의 고유성 획득과 변천을 중심으로-

이용식 ( Lee Yong-sik ) 한국비교형사법학회 2017 비교형사법연구 Vol.19 No.1

독일에서 문서위조죄의 전개는 역사적 맥락에서 사기죄 및 다른 위조범죄와의 혼란과 교착의 과정으로 파악된다. 그래서 역사적으로는 위조범죄의 보편성으로부터 문서위조의 독자성을 인식하고 확보하고자 한 노력이라고 평가할 수 있다. 사기죄를 비롯한 이질적인 위조범죄들과는 로마법의 계수이래로 공존해왔고 문서위조죄가 독자적으로 인식되어 편성된 오늘날에도 완전히 결별했다고는 볼 수 없다. 그리고 위조범죄들에 둘러싸여 문서위조죄가 혼동을 겪거나 반대로 위조범죄들로부터 구분되어 독자성을 인정받을 때에 공통적으로 영향력을 미친 것은 위조 혹은 문서위조의 본질에 관한 이론적 논의이다. 진실의 왜곡에서부터 공공의 신용, 오늘날 통용되는 법률관계의 안전과 신용은 모두 유사한 내용으로 보이지만, 문서위조죄의 보편성과 독자성을 이해하는 데에는 중요한 의미를 가지고 결정적인 역할을 하였다. `진실에 대한 권리침해`로 문서범죄의 본질을 파악하여 사기와의 혼동을 피하고 위조범의하위 유형을 개별화할 수 있었다. `공공의 신뢰이론`을 통하여는 공공성을 강조함으로써 단순 기망이나 사기를 구별하여 문서위조의 독자성을 확보하고, 특히 공문서를 중심으로 한 처벌원칙을 정당화하는 배경이 된다. `법률관계에서 안전과 신뢰`라는 오늘날의 보호법익론은 공·사문서의 구분보다는 실질적 관점에서 `위조`를 접근함으로써 개인의 법익을 한층 두텁게 보호하려는 입장으로 이해할 수 있다. 이처럼 독일에서 문서에 관한 범죄는 역사적 전개의 결과 위조범죄로서 보편적인 면모와 함께 문서범죄로서 특유성도 간직하게 되었다. 우리 형법은 계수사적으로 일본을 거쳐 독일 형법을 전거로 하고 있다. 다만 입법당시의 사정으로 인해 현행 독일 형법의 토대가 된 1943년 개정이 아니라, 1871년 제국 형법의 기반 위에서 여러 초안을 참고할 수밖에 없었다. 그 결과는 현재 우리 형법의 문서위조죄를 비롯한 문서에 관한 죄가 독일 형법의 문서위조죄 편장의 그것과 일정 부분 유사하면서도 구체적으로는 여러 부분에서 차이를 보이며 전개되는 이유가 되었다. 우리가 가진 문서위조죄의 현상을 객관적으로 관찰하는 데에는, 뿌리를 같이 했지만 각자의 길을 뻗어나간 옆가지의 실태, 그리고 그 원천이 되는 존재의 성립과 형상을 살펴보는 일이 유익하리라 생각된다. 독일은 뿌리와 같은 원자료이면서 지금도 계속 변화·생성되어가는 다른 가지를 형성하고 있다. Die Einordnung der Urkundendelikte in die deutsche StGB steht am Schluss einer langen und komplizierten Entwicklung. Der geschichtliche Uberblick zeigt, dass die Entwicklung der Urkundendelikte insbesondere von der Rezeption des romischen Rechts beeinflusst worden ist. In den Jahren 81 v. Chr. wurden mit der ,Lex Cornelia de falsis“ eine Reihe von der Munz- und Testamentsfalschung gesetzlich kodifiziert. Der Oberbegriff des ,falsum“ wurde, ohne weitere inhaltliche Bestimmung, behaupten. Zum kennzeichnenden gemeinsamen Merkmal der romischen ,crimina falsi“ wird ,immutatio veritatis“ herausgestellt, die als allgemeines Kennzeichen des abstrakten Falschungsbegriffs angesehen wird. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass alle spateren Ausdehnungen um Verbrechen, die auf einem Verstoß gegen die ,fides publica“ beruhten. In das deutsches Recht vor der Rezeption, Privaturkunden werden nur in Ausnahmefallen geschutzt, das Wesentliche des strafrechtlichen Schutzes liegt in der Beweissicherung durch offentliche Urkunden. Schriftliche Aufzeichnungen fehlen in das alte deutsche Recht fast vollstandig und treten gegenuber den Grenzverbrechen und Munzdelikten zuruck. Die Unterscheidung zwischen Urkundenfalschung und Falschbeurkundung ist nicht existent. Eine Abgrenzung und systematische Differenzierung zum Betrug ist nicht erkennbar, das Betrugsmerkmal des Vermogensschadens wird in samtliche Falschungsformen implementiert. Allgemeine Bestimmungen zur Urkundenfalschung sind selten. Die Problematik ist darin begrundet, dass es erst bis zum preußischen StGB von 1851 gelungen ist, die Urkundendelikte dogmatisch vom Betrug zu unterscheiden. Aufgrund der unklaren Abgrenzung und Vermengung der Urkundendelikte mit dem Betrug ist eine dogmatische Differenzierung zwischen strafrechtlichem Echt- und Wahrheitsschutz lange nicht getroffen worden. Mit dem preußischen StGB haben die Urkundendelikte eine Eigenstandigkeit erfahren. Die Systematik der Urkundenverbrechen im Reichs-StGB von 1871 ist bewusst an das preußische StGB angelehnt. Die Urkundendelikte werden eingestellt unter der Uberschrift ,Urkundenfalschung“ zusammengefasst. Die vorstehende Darstellung der Gesetzgebungsgeschichte zeigt jedoch, dass diese Entwicklung nicht das Ergebnis eines besonderen dogmatischen Verstandnisses bei den Urkundendelikten, sondern vielmehr auf die Entwicklung eines allgemeinen Betrugstatbestandes zuruckzufuhren ist. Waren beide Deliktsgruppen in Bezug auf Privaturkunden anfanglich nicht voneinander getrennt, und stellte sich die Urkundenfalschung lediglich als ein besonderer Anwendungsfall einer Tauschung dar. Damit war der Weg bereitet, aus der Reihe der vormals geregelten einzelnen Tauschungsfalle einen einheitlichen Schutzbereich i.S. eines Vermogensdelikts zu formen. Eine Folge hiervon war, dass andere Rechtsgutverletzungen, die ebenfalls mit einer Tauschung verbunden waren, ebenfalls neugeordnet werden konnten. Insbesondere bedeutete dies auch fur die Falschungsdelikte eine zunehmende dogmatische Selbstandigkeit.

자백배제법칙의 근거와 임의성의 판단 - 위법배제설의 관점에서 본 형사소송법 제309조의 의미 재검토 -

이용식 ( Lee Yong-sik ) 한국외국어대학교 법학연구소 2011 외법논집 Vol.35 No.3

It has been controversial topic on the rational of the confession rule, enacted in the article 309 of Korean Criminal Procedure Code. The article 309 provides the exclusion of involuntary confessions made under torture, battery, threat, deceit or after prolonged custody as well as confessions whose voluntariness is doubtful. There has been a lot of arguments surrounding this article, and they are mainly about the reason why the confession taken under some wrongful situations is inadmissible - which is because the confession is illegal or does not have reliability. If we take reliability test, the confession is excluded based on its reliability, not on its voluntariness. Then confession is admissible when it is reliable even though obtained involuntarily. It may, therefore, be resonable conclude that the confession is excluded because it is obtained illegally. Korean Criminal Procedure Code amendment imposed the exclusionary rule of illegally collected evidence on the article 308-2 lately. It means any evidence cannot be obtained through the violation of due process of law. This article, however, has not been settled yet. The argument on the scope and the standard of the exclusionary rule still goes on. Moreover, this revision makes another issue on the relation between the confession rule and the exclusionary rule. If the exclusion of confession is based on its illegality, the matter is which principle - exclusionary rule or confession rule - is applied on that process. Under the situation like that, this study tries to make a new approach to interpret 'illegality' which can make difference between illegality on the article 309 and the 308-2.