전치 유도각의 인위적 증가에 의한 저작근과 하악 운동 양상의 변화에 대한 연구

이용식,최부병,Lee, Yong-Sik,Choi, Boo-Byung 대한치과보철학회 1998 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.36 No.2

This study was performed to measure the changes of the mandibular movement and the masticatory muscular activities - anterior temporal and masseter muscle of both side - reflected by intentional increase of anterior guidance angie. For this study, 5 volunteers (3 males and 2 females with average age of 24.0) were selected. Each volunteer had Angle's classification I and did not have any missing tooth except third molar and any extensive restorations. Metallic guide plate was made at volunteer's working model fabricated by improved dental stone and cemented to the palatal surface of maxillary central incisor using resin cement(Panavia $21^{(R)}$) and then adjusted not to give any occlusal interferences at intercuspal position. The activity of masticatory muscles and the changes of mandibular movement were recorded by EMG and Sirognathograph in Biopak analysing system(Bioresearch Inc., Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA). Measurement was done at before experiment, immediatley after placement, 1 week after placement, immediately after removal, and 1 week after removal. The results were as follows: 1. Moderate phonetic disturbance and mild headache were occured to 3 volunteers for 2 days after setting and 1 volunteer had positive reaction to percussion and slight midline diastema. But all of these clinical signs were diappeared 1 week after removal and the other volunteer did not have any special clinical sign. 2. In the EMG of the mandibular rest position, the mean value of anterior tempotal muscle was increased immediately after placement(p<0.01) and then decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and increased 1 week after removal(p<0.05) but not recovered as before experiment. The mean value of masseter muscle was decreased during the experiment period. 3. In the EMG during mandibular protrusive movement, all muscular activity was decreased during the experiment period. Reduced activity was not recovered 1 week after removal(p<0.03). 4. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not statistically significant(p>0.1). Vertical movement was not shown significant difference during the experiment period(p>0.1). Lateral movement was decreased immediately after placement(p<0.05) and then increased 1 week after placement but not recovered as before experiment. The opening and closing velocity of mandible was shown minor changes but not statistically significant. 5. During the habitual opening, anteroposterior movement of mandible was decreased 1 week after placement(p<0.05) and then increased immediately after removal and recovered 1 week after removal as before experiment. Vertical movement was not shown significant changes. Lateral displacement of mandible was increased continuously and recovered 1 week after removal. Opening velocity was temporarily increased immediately after removal but recovered and closing velocity was not shown significant changes. 6. During the right side chewing, anteroposterior movement of mandible was increased immediately after removal but recovered and vertical movement was not shown statistically significant results. Lateral displacement and velocity of mandible were not shown significant results. 7. During the left side chewing, the changes of mandibular movement pattern were not shown statistically significant results.

급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건군과 지연 재건군의 결과 비교

이용식,이수원,서병호,김윤기,Lee, Yong Sik,Lee, Soo Won,Seo, Byung Ho,Kim, Yoon Gi 대한관절경학회 2013 대한관절경학회지 Vol.17 No.1

목적: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 재건술과 지연 재건술 간의 관절 강직 발생 정도와 임상적 결과를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 3월부터 2011년 10월까지 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자 중 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행한 32예를 대상으로 하였다. 모든 예에서 동종 아킬레스건을 이용하여 경경골 단일 다발 후방십자인대 재건술을 시행하였으며, 수상 후 1주 이내에 재건술을 시행한 조기 재건군과 수상 후 3주에서 6주 사이에 재건술을 시행한 지연 재건군으로 나누어 수술 전까지 적극적인 관절 운동을 시행하였다. 술 후에 적극적인 재활 치료를 시행한 후 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사, 관절 운동 범위, Lysholm 점수, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) 점수, Tegner 활동도 점수를 이용하여 평가하였다. 결과: 최종 추시에서 Lysholm 점수는 조기 재건군 92.1점, 지연 재건군 93.8점이었고 IKDC 점수는 전례에서 B(거의 정상)이상으로 회복되었다(p=0.808, p=0.722). Tegner 활동도 점수는 조기 재건군 6.6점, 지연 재건군 6.2점이었고 (p=0.480) 관절 운동 범위는 최대 굴곡각 및 최대 신전각이 조기 재건군에서 각각 평균 $133.9^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.4^{\circ}$ 지연 재건군에서 평균 $133.6^{\circ}$, 평균 $1.1^{\circ}$로 양군 간에 차이가 없었으며(p=0.560, p=0.581) 심부 정맥 혈전증이나 감염은 모든 예에서 발생하지 않았다. 후방 전위 스트레스 방사선 검사 결과도 양군 간에 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.750). 결론: 급성 후방십자인대 손상 환자에서 조기 및 지연 재건군 모두에서 만족할 만한 임상적 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 수상 후 1주 이내에 시행하는 조기 재건술도 좋은 치료 방법의 하나로 선택될 수 있을 것이라 생각된다. Purpose: This study performed to compare degree of joint stiffness and clinical results between early and delayed reconstruction of acute posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Patients who underwent PCL reconstruction between March 2008 and October 2011 enrolled this study. We performed transtibial single bundle reconstruction using the allo-achilles tendon in all cases. We divided the patient into two groups, early reconstruction group underwent surgery before a week, delayed reconstruction group underwent surgery after 3 weeks, before 6 weeks. All the patients underwent aggressive joint motion exercise till surgery and enrolled post operative rehabilitation program. We checked posterior drawer stress radiography, range of motion, the Lysholm score, the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and the Tegner score to evaluate the results. Results: At the final follow up the Lysholm score was 92.1 in the early group and 93.8 in the delayed group. All the cases were rated above B (near normal) on IKDC score (p=0.808, p=0.722). The Tegner score was 6.6 in the early reconstruction group and 6.2 in the delayed group (p=0.480), The average of maximum flexion and extension angle was $133.9^{\circ}$, $1.4^{\circ}$ in the early group and $133.6^{\circ}$, $1.1^{\circ}$ in the delayed group (p=0.560, p=0.581), no complication such as deep vein thrombosis or infection, no difference in posterior drawer stress radiography (p=0.750). Conclusion: We could obtain satisfactory clinical results in both the early and delayed reconstruction groups of acute PCL injuries. Therefore, the early reconstruction of PCL performed before a week could be one of the treatment options for acute PCL injury.

Disciplinary Sport Administration / Management : 체육행정의 연구동향과 학문적 과제에 관한 고찰

이용식,김종필 ( Yong Sik Lee,Jong Pil Kim ) 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

업체탐방-현대기계

이용식,Lee, Yong-Sik 한국발포스티렌재활용협회 2006 환경사랑 Vol.45 No.-

참조연계 서비스 구현을 위한 참고문헌 식별자 매칭 시스템

이용식,이상기,Lee, Yong-Sik,Lee, Sang-Gi 한국과학기술정보연구원 과학기술정보센터 2010 Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice Vol.41 No.3

서로 다른 정보자원 간의 연결을 의미하는 참조연계 서비스를 위해서는 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축과 식별자 매칭 작업이 필요하다. CrossRef, PubMed, Web Of Science 등의 많은 해외 기관들은 Inera의 eXstyles, Parity Computings의 Reference Extractor 등의 자동화 도구들을 이용하여 DOI, PMID 등의 식별자를 기반으로 하는 참조연계 체제를 구축하였다. 국내에서도 한국과학기술정보연구원, 한국연구재단 등의 여러 기관에서 참고문헌 데이터베이스를 구축하고 있다. 그러나 각 단체별로 채택하고 있는 다양한 참고문헌 기술 형식 때문에 망라적인 데이터베이스 구축은 많은 어려움에 직면해 있다. 이에 참고문헌을 자동으로 파싱하여 메타데이터를 추출하고, DOI, PMID, KOI의 식별자를 매칭하는 Citation Matcher 시스템을 개발하여 참고문헌 데이터베이스 구축의 효율성을 향상시키고자 한다. A reference linking service that is connection of each other different information resource need to setup the reference database and to match identifier. CrossRef, PubMed and Web Of Science etc. the many overseas agencies developed reference linking service, that they used the automatic tools of Inera eXstyles, Parity Computings Reference Extractor etc. and setup in base DOI and PMID etc. Domestic the various agencies of KISTI(Korea Institute Science and Technology of Information), KRF(Korea Research Foundation) etc are construction reference database. But each research communities adopts a various reference bibliography writing format. As, the data base construction which is collect is confronting is many to being difficult. In this paper, We developed the Citation Matcher System. This system is automatic parsing the reference string to metadata and matching DOI, PMID and KOI as Identifier. It is improved the effectiveness of reference database setup.

퇴계학(退溪學) 혹은 학퇴계(學退溪)의 사이

이영호 ( Lee Young-ho ) 한국공자학회 2022 공자학 Vol.48 No.-

퇴계와 그의 제자들의 이야기를 담고 있는 언행록을 보면, 퇴계는 자신이 깨우친 진리와 알고 있는 지식을 최선의 언어를 통해 전달하고자 애쓴 흔적이 역력하다. 여기에서 퇴계의 학문과 퇴계를 배우고자 하는 제자들 사이의 맥락, 즉 퇴계학(退溪學)과 학퇴계(學退溪)의 양상이 형성된다. 퇴계학은 유학의 기본 이념인 내성외왕(內聖外王), 수기치인(修己治人)의 길을 함유하고 있다. 제자들은 퇴계학을 배우면서, 내성(內聖)으로 치우치거나 혹은 외왕(外王)의 의미를 부각시키려고 하였다. 이덕홍(李德弘)은 내성에 치우쳐서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 특히 ‘경(敬)’ 사상에서 윤돈(尹焞)의 주장을 중심으로 그 내성학(內聖學)을 궁구하였다. 퇴계 또한 『심경부주』를 중심으로 유학의 내성학에 몰입하였기에, 사제간의 학문연마는 매우 구체적이고 열정적이었다. 그런데 이러한 내성 지향은 자칫 외왕의 소홀로 이어질 여지가 있다. 이에 정구(鄭逑)는 외왕에 중심을 두고서 퇴계학을 수용하였다. 영남퇴계학이 전자를 중심으로 하였다면, 근기퇴계학 즉 실학은 후자에 근거를 두고 있다. 이는 ‘학퇴계’의 분기가 조선후기 학술사의 다양화를 구축하는 관건으로 작용하였음을 의미한다. Looking at the words and deeds that contain the story of Toegye and his disciples, it is evident that Toegye tried to convey the Truth and knowledge he had learned through the most appropriate expression. Here, the context between the study of Toegye and the students who want to learn Toegye, that is, the aspects of Toegyehak(退溪學) and Haktoegye(學退溪), are formed. Toegye-hak contains the basic ideology of Confucianism which is the path of Naeseongwaewang(內聖外王) and Sugichiin (修己治人). While learning the study of Toegye, the disciples either leaned toward Naeseong(內聖) or tried to emphasize the meaning of Waewang(外王). Yi, Deok-Hong(李德弘) accepted the study of Toegye because he was biased toward Naeseong(內聖). In particular, in the thought of Gyeong(敬), he searched for the study of Naeseong(內聖) with focusing on Yun Don's argument. Since Toegye also immersed himself in the study of Naeseong(內聖) of Confucianism, with focusing on Shimkyungbuju, the academic training between master and disciple was very specific and passionate. However, leaning toward Naeseong(內聖) may lead to neglect of Waewang(外王). Accordingly, Jeong Gu(鄭逑) accepted the study of Toegye with a focus on Waewang(外王). While the study of Yeongnam Toegye focused on the former, the study of Geungi Toegye, or Silhak, was based on the latter. This means that the divergence of Haktoegye(學退溪) acted as a key to diversifying the academic history of the late Joseon Dynasty.

알긴산소오다 함량이 실험적 알지네이트 인상재의 압축변형율, 탄성회복율 및 압축강도에 미치는 영향

이용식,최부병,이성복,Lee Yong-Sik,Choi Boo-Byung,Lee Sung-Bok 대한치과보철학회 2003 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.41 No.2

The purpose of this study was to search the influences of the increase of the contents of sodium alginate in the experimental alginates on the some mechanical properties. 3 commercial alginates were selected for the purpose of comparison of the results of experiments. 7 experimental alginates were manufactured with the rise of contents of sodium alginate from 8.8% to 18.3% with the decrease of contents of diatomaceous earth and with the constant contents of calcium sulfate 12.5%. sodium phosphate 2.2%, zinc fluoride 2.0%. Splitable metal mold with 12.5mm diameter and 20.0mm height was filled with mixed alginate to prepare the cylinder shaped specimens. Strain in compression, elastic recovery, compressive strength were tested using the ISO specification number 1563, alginate impression material. Experimental groups were 7, and 10 specimens were used for each test items and each groups. Following results were obtained ; 1. Strain in compression was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p=0.0077, r2 = 0.6302). 2. Elastic recovery was decreased with the increase of sodium alginate contents but was not significant(p=0.0639, r2=0.7449). 3. Compressive strength was increased with the increase of sodium alginate contents (p<0.0001, r2 = 0.9617). These results mean that the increase of sodium alginate contents make alginate harder but may result the increased permanent deformation.

한반도를 위협하는 주변국 위성의 재밍을 위한 위성전파 분석시스템 연구

이용식 ( Lee Yongsik ),이승혜 ( Lee Seunghye ),이대성 ( Lee Daesung ) 한국군사학회 2024 군사논단 Vol.118 No.0

Hundreds of surveillance and reconnaissance satellites pass over the Korean Peninsula to acquire military information about Korea. They are mainly low-orbit satellites, such as EO/IR satellites, SAR satellites, and Earth observation satellites. In addition, in geostationary orbit, many regional communication satellites of neighboring countries are located above the Korean Peninsula to support their own civil and military communications. The satellites are acquiring information such as the location of South Korea’s military units, weapons system activities, military exercises, and important national strategic assets. Therefore, Korea needs a satellite radio analysis system that must collect and analyze satellite radio wave for jamming, and it is necessary to prevent military information from gathering military information on such satellites that threaten our security. The satellite radio analysis system mainly targets active SAR satellites and Earth observation satellites, and GPS satellites should also be targeted. Regional communication satellites in geostationary orbit are also subject to analysis because they can be used in the military. Passive EO/IR satellites are not a jamming target, but they must be tracked to protect important strategic facilities in Korea. China is operating a resource exploration satellite for civilian research that can be used for military purposes, and dozens of Yaogan series satellites are being operated in the fields of EO/IR and SAR and EUNT, which are military information collection satellites. Since 2018, GPS satellites have also been operating 35 satellites globally. Japan established the Defense Ministry Information Headquarters (DIH) in 1997, and in March 2003, it launched a pair of EO satellites and SAR satellites into space and began operation. Currently, it operates 10 reconnaissance satellites. The satellite radio analysis system should be built to receive both low-orbit satellite and geostationary satellite radio waves, and a multi-band reception antenna is also required to simultaneously receive radio waves from many satellites with different frequencies. The satellite radio analysis system should analyze the antenna azimuth and elevation items of the receiving system as well as the longitude, latitude, linear (vertical, horizontal) polarization, circular (left-hand, priority) polarization, bandwidth, center frequency, occupied bandwidth, signal level, and S/N ratio of the target satellite and store them in the Data Base. Since linking the satellite radio analysis system and the jamming system needs to consider the beam width and the Swath width of the SAR satellite, the satellite radio analysis system and the jamming system need to be built at an appropriate ratio. When the Army, Navy, and Air Force build similar (or same) systems, it is necessary to inter-work with each other by region. In the future, when reviewing the establishment of a jamming system and a satellite radio analysis system, it will be necessary to study how to organize the system by army, navy,and air force, the concept of space operation of each military, the location of the operation unit to be protected, the type of satellite to be tracked and jamming, the configuration of a system that can receive and process as many satellite radio waves as possible at the same time, DB update, important national strategic facilities to be protected.

정상인의 전완 키네지오 테이핑 적용이 최대 악력과 근육 활성도에 미치는 영향

이용식(Lee Young-Sik),이정호(Lee Jung-Ho),이종훈(Lee Jong-Hun) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of applied forearm kinegio taping on maximal grip strength and muscle activation of healthy adults. six male adults over 19 years of age volunteered in this study(the average height :176.17±6.55㎝, weight :66.83±10.49㎏, age : 25.17±1.17years). We measured grip strength using hand dynamometer. We calculated maximal muscle contraction using EMG(Noraxon, USA). The root mean square of the surface EMG was used for maximal grip strength. The t-test were used to compare the differences between the sport taping and no taping. The level of statistical significance was set at p<.05. This result were that the maximal grip strength was not significant difference. The mean RMS were not significantly difference in flexor carpi ulnaris, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus muscles. Also, there were significantly difference in integral EMG at three muscles. Forearm kinegio taping could not be enhanced maximal grip strength in health adults. However, the control of force may be enhanced by kinesio taping on forearm muscles.

무선 LAN에서 이상 및 페이딩 채널 환경의 DCF 처리율 비교 분석

이용식(Yong Sik Lee),이하철(Ha Cheol Lee),이병호(Byung Ho Lee) 한국전자파학회 2008 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.19 No.7

본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN의 이상적인 채널 환경과 페이딩 채널 환경에서 패킷의 페이로드 크기에 따른 MAC(Medium Access Control) 계층의 CSMA/CA(Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance) 기반 DCF(Distributed Coordination Function) 처리율을 비교 분석하였다. 이상적인 채널 환경인 경우 에러가 없는 채널을 의미하고, 임의의 전송 주기 동안 패킷을 전송하는 단말이 1개만 존재하며, 다른 단말은 패킷을 수신한 후 응답한다고 가정한다. 페이딩 채널 환경인 경우 채널상에서 비트 에러는 랜덤하게 발생되며, 단말수 n은 고정되고, 각각의 단말은 항상 전송 패킷을 가지고 있는 포화 조건(saturation condition) 하에서 동작된다고 한다. IEEE 802.11a 무선 LAN의 처리율을 구하기 위해 기존 연구에서는 주로 이상적인 채널 환경을 가정하여 최대 처리율을 구하였는데, 실제의 통신 환경은 페이딩 채널이므로 본 연구에서는 Eb/No를 25 dB, 부 채널에서 직접 수신된 신호와 산란되어 수신된 신호의 전력비 ζ는 복합 Rayleigh/Ricean 페이딩을 고려하여 6으로 정하였다. 분석 결과, 이상적인 채널 환경에서의 처리율에 비교하여 페이딩 채널 환경에서의 처리율이 모든 페이로드 크기에서 더 작아진다는 것을 알 수 있으며, 전송율이 증가할수록 이상적인 채널의 최대 처리율에 대한 페이딩 채널의 포화 처리율의 감소 비율이 더 커진다는 것도 알 수 있다. This paper explores the throughput performance of CSMA/CA-based DCF protocol over both ideal channels and fading channels with payload size at the MAC layer in the 802.11a wireless LAN. In the ideal channel, there are no errors and at the transmission cycle there is one and only one active station which always has a packet to send and other stations can only accept packets and provide acknowledgements. In the fading channel, bit errors appear in the channel randomly and the number of stations is assumed to be fixed. And each station always has packets for transmission. In other words, we operate in saturation conditions. Up to now conventional research work about DCF throughput analysis of IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN has been done over the ideal channel, but this paper is done over the Rayleigh/Ricean fading channel. So, the ratio of received average energy per bit-to-noise power spectral density Eb/No is set to 25 ㏈ and the ratio of direct-to-diffuse signal power in each sub-channel ζ is set to 6 for combined Rayleigh/Ricean fading channel. In conclusion, it is shown that the saturation throughput is always less than the maximum throughput at all the payload size and the higher the transmission rate be, the higher the decreasing rate of saturation throughput compared to the maximum throughput be.