발표논문 : 항만내 위험물관리의 안전도 제고를 위한 법적 대응방안

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2012 法學硏究 Vol.20 No.2

우리나라의 수출, 수입 화물 중 약 99%가 항만을 통해 선박운송 되고 있으며, 화물의 약 30%가 위험물이다. 많은 위험물이 항만을 통해 운송되다 보니 항만에서의 위험물 사고 발생 가능성이 높은 실정이다. 항만내 위험물의 성질상 한 번 사고가 발생하면 다른 사고에 비해 그 피해 규모가 크다. 따라서 위험물 사고의 피해를 사전에 예방할 수 있는 효과적인 방안들을 강구할 필요가 있다. 이에 따라 국토해양부는 업무취급자 차원의 종합대책을 세우고 있다. 하지만 더 중요한 것은 시스템적으로 미비점을 정비하는 일이다. 시스템 정비 시 정부에서는 지금까지 주로 기술적 접근을 많이 해 왔지만 법리적 접근은 거의 없었다 해도 과언이 아니다. 이에 따라 항만내의 위험물의 취급 및 보관상의 문제점과 개선방안을 도출해 내기 위해 IMO(국제해사기구)의 IMDG Code(국제해상 위험물 규칙)와 항만내의 위험물 운송 및 취급에 관한 권고를 중심으로 국내 관련법규를 살펴보았다. 먼저 타 법률과의 용어 사용상 형평성을 고려하고 일반국민의 혼란을 방지하기 위하여 항만과 위험물의 개념 및 범위에 대한 정의가 통일되는 것이 바람직하다고 본다. 이에 따라 위험물 관리 관련 주요법규인 개항질서법상의 ``개항``을 항만법상의 ``무역항``으로 통일하는 것이 바람직할 것이다. 그리고 개항을 무역항으로 변경함에 따라 무역항 및 연안항에 관한 정의 규정을 신설하고, ``해상``이라는 용어를 해상 및 내륙 측 수역을 포함하는 ``수상``이라는 용어로 대체하는 것도 검토할 필요가 있다. 국내 위험물의 분류에 대한 관련 법규가 서로 다른 부분들이 있음을 위에서 살펴보았다. 이로 인해 이들 위험물의 저장, 보관 및 운송에 관한 안전관리업무를 담당하고 있는 업무취급자들의 업무 수행에 많은 혼선을 초래하고 있는 실정이다. 우리나라의 현행 법규들도 각 정부 부처간에 관리하고 있는 위험물의 대상 범위와 영역에 대해 적용을 제외하는 것에 대한 규정을 두고 있다. 하지만 이것만으로는 부족하므로 좀 더 명확하게 영역을 구분하고 다른 법규의 특성을 고려하여 관리업무의 효율성을 높일 필요가 있겠다. 이와 관련하여 외국의 위험물질 관리법규는 서로 약간 차이가 있긴 하지만 중복을 피하고 복잡성을 낮추고 있다는 점을 우리나라도 참고할 필요가 있다. 이러한 차원에서 이제 우리나라도 미국과 같이 국제협약의 내용을 받아들여 모든 위험물 관련 법규에 공통적인 기준을 공유할 수 있도록 통합적인 위험물 관련 법규 체계를 갖출 필요가 있다. At present, about 99% of Korea`s export and import cargo is transported by ship through the harbor, and about 30% of the cargo is classified as dangerous goods, which leads to the high possibility of the occurrence of accidents related to dangerous goods. Since the damages caused by the accidents are greater compared to other incidents, it is required to seek effective measures to prevent damages resulting from accidents related dangerous goods. In a related move, the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affaires is establishing comprehensive measures in terms of business operation. However, what is more important is to improve the deficiencies of relevant systems. Up to now, technical approaches have mainly been implemented by government to improve the system, but there have been no judical approaches. Accordingly, to deduce handling and storage problems of dangerous goods and improvement plans, we conducted the survey of relevant laws and regulations, focusing on the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMG Code) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and recommendations concerning shipping and handling of dangerous goods in port area. First, the unification of the concept and scope for port area and dangerous goods is required to help avoid the confusion of the general public in consideration of equity to other laws in terms of terminology. In this regard, it is desirable to change the term, "an open port" specified in the Public Order of Open Ports Act to the term, "a trade port" in the Harbor Act, subsequently establishing new regulations on the definitions of trading ports and coastal ports. In addition, it is necessary to review the issue of replacing the term, "maritime/on the sea" with "aquatic/on the water" that comprises marine and inland waters. As identified above, there were differences between relevant laws and regulations on the national classification of dangerous goods, which leads to a lot of confusion to business operators who perform the safety management concerning storage, custody and transportation of dangerous goods. In Korea`s current regulations, provisions that exclude application to target range and the area of dangerous goods managed between government departments are included. However, more specified classification of the areas is required to improve the efficiency of management in consideration of the characteristics of other regulations. In this connection, Korea needs to make a reference to the fact that foreign regulations related to management of dangerous goods are formulated in the way of avoiding regulatory overlap between provisions and lowering complexity. In this regard, it is required that Korea should establish integrated legal system related to dangerous goods by accepting the contents of international treaties like the U.S.A. so that common standards will be shared in all relevant laws and regulations.

도메인이름의 법적성질과 분쟁에 관한 고찰

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ) 경상대학교 법학연구소 2011 法學硏究 Vol.19 No.2

도메인이름의 등록은 전자주소의 등록으로 출발하지만 실제 등록된 도메인이름은 상인이 자신의 영업을 다른 영업자의 영업과 구분하기 위해 사용하므로 법적성질상 영업표에 가장 근접하다. 다만, 도메인이름은 그 역할과 기능을 고려할 때 포섭적인 의미에서 출발하여 그 구체적인 태양에 따라 상호나 상표, 기타 영업표로 전환될 수 도 있는 복합적인 법적성질을 가진다. 도메인이름과 상호, 상표와의 관계로 분쟁이 계속 발생하자 우리나라도 미국의 연방상표법이나 세계지식재산권기구(WIPO)의 도메인분쟁해결정책(UDRP)의 내용을 도입하여 부정경쟁방지법이나 인터넷주소자원법에 나름대로의 기준과 보호책을 구체 적으로 규정하였다. 이는 나름대로 적절한 대응이라 할 수 있다. 다만, 아직도 만족 할만한 수준은 아니라고 보므로 향후에도 도메인이름의 동록과 사용의 정당성을 담보해 주고, 그 사용가치를 보호할 수 있는 조치의 확보 차원에서 관련 법의 개정 등 제도 보완이 계속 필요하다고 본다. 또한 인터넷의 발달에 따라 국제적으로 도메인 이름의 분쟁과 관련한 여러 가지 문제점이 계속 제기될 수 있으므로 국제적 해결을 위한 각국간의 지속적인 협정체결과 이를 바탕으로 하는 국제적인 규범의 제정이 필요하다. Due to our country`s high dependence on computer systems in managing and operating the critical infrastructures, it`s becoming a primary target from the ``Cyber Terrorists``. In the 12th of April 2011, Korea`s National Agricultural Cooperative lender, Nonghyup or NH Bank, has experienced a system-wide crash that halted all of its banking transactions. This breaches resulted in huge financial losses. This outage was the results of "unprecedented act of cyber terrorism" by the cyber terrorists. It turns out that the North Korean hackers planted a malware, so-called mal bots in the laptop owned by an IBM Korea employee who was in charge of maintaining the computerized network for the NH Bank, through a web-hard service, causing the laptop to turn into a so-called "zombie PC". Finally the laptop was used to execute the delete command resulting a huge cyber attacks deleting the execution files of NH Bank`s key systems, affecting more than two hundred IBM servers. The result was the system failure. The ``bets`` (also called botnets, robots, zombies and botnet fleets) are malicious software programs that are loaded on a target system unbeknownst to the victim. There are hundreds of botnets and botnet variants. Once infected, these botnets can be controlled through C&C Server by the botmaster who controls the botnet controller, which is like a central management system for the botnet fleet. With the controller, one or many Zombie systems can simultaneously act on command. The infected PCs(Zombie PC) are commonly used to forward transmissions such as phishing scams and spam distributing malicious software such as viruses and keyloggers, ultimately forcing all the infected ``zombie PC``s in perpetrating distributed denial-of service (DDoS) attacks. In this case, the bots acting as Keystroke loggers and sniffers were used to capture important information from the Laptop and then to forward it back to the criminal, the bot-master. This study introduced the concept of bots and reviewed the criminal law aspects of this type of cyber attack focusing on the punishability of that acts. In addition to explaining the punishability, it also ventured a diagnosis of what can be the requirements for the punishment. In this case intruders caused damage to systems in violation of Article 71(10) in the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection etc. Also intruders trespassed systems and modified systems programs, installed bots to circumvent the computer`s security so that they can access the computer again later. This activity impaired the integrity of the computer and therefore meets the damage requirements. A charge under Article 71(10), 72(1) applies to this case in addition to other charges under article 314(2) in the Criminal Law. We should also apply several other statutes like Article 7 1(9), (11) when punishing the conduct such as violation of secrecy, malware distribution. But not every acts used in a cyber attack are not legally punishable due to the current cyber-crime legislation. According to current legislation, it`s not a crime to attempt to distribute a malware. Thus new cyber-crime legislation is needed to complement this deficiency.

연구논문(硏究論文) : 자산유동화에 있어서 법적인 제반 문제에 대한 고찰

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ) 단국대학교 법학연구소 2011 법학논총 Vol.35 No.2

Asset-Backed Securitization is referred to as a series of activities involving issuance of asset-backed securitization to enhance the liquidity of non-current assets, and it is used as a useful method to raise funds at low cost by financial institutions and corporations. In addition, it contributes to enhancing the soundness of the financial structures since risky assets are financed by securitization, and asset holders can raise the capital adequacy ratio. The need for legislation on the asset-baked securitization has steadily been suggested centering on the financial institutions, but active promotion of legislation has not been made until 1997, when extreme shortages of liquidity occurred after the IMF crisis. And finally ``Asset-Backed Securization Act``, a basic law on the asset backed securitization (ABS) was legislated on September 16, 1998. As known from the background of enactment and regulatory contents, ``Asset-Backed Securization Act`` has the nature of support law, not regulatory law since it is designed for activation of asset-backed securitization. In this study, various legal issues such as the basic structures of asset-backed securitization, the legal nature of asset-backed securitization and maintenance of the transfer conditions were figured out. The Asset-Backed Securization Act was legislated for cleanup of non-performing loans from financial institutions initially. However since 1998, when the Asset-Backed Securitization Act came into effect, the market for asset-backed securitization has grown quantitatively and it brought about many changes in quality. With these quantitative and qualitative changes, many unexpected problems came to occur, and there is growing possibilities of controversial legal issues depending on the contents of securitization. For development of Korea`s finance, activation of asset-backed securitization is required, and it is necessary to deduce improvement plan for asset-backed securitization system on the basis of the analysis on the problems occurred in the course of system operation and changes in market environment. For this, the technical and structural characteristics of asset-backed securitization are to be figured out, and then multiple problems is to be reviewed from legal aspects. In addition, to secure safety and reliability of asset-backed securitization, it is required that the unnecessary or unreasonable contents in the special provisions of ``Asset-Backed Securitization Act`` should be continuously complemented to resolve several legal issues.

리스금융에 있어서 중도해지에 대한 고찰

윤창술(Yoon, ChangSul) 한양법학회 2009 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.-

Lease agreement, a new form of commercial activity, so far has no legal specifics stipulated on the basis of the Commercial Law as to prescribe the rights and duties of both parties and relied solely on stipulations and interpretations, which in consequence generated a variety of disputes. To deal with this problem, amendments were made to the Commercial Law with regard to lease agreements, and notice of legislation was advanced in August 6, 2008. That is, in order to stipulate legal specifics on lease agreements in the Commercial Law, which has so far relied on practical stipulations, separate chapters and sections were newly incorporated into the amendments to specifically provide such concerns as the basic rights and duties of both principals of an agreement. By stipulating the amendments in the Commercial Law as such, an attempt was made to secure a legal stability in commercial transactions. Concerning the classification of lease agreement, the amendments, while reflecting No. 19 of Article 46 in the current Commercial Law, perceive it as a financial transaction (physical finance), which is different from a rental agreement, so as to confine the definition of financial lease business to a finance lease on the basis of the Commercial Law, and, by interpreting operating lease as ‘rental agreements for other property’ in No. 2 of Article 46 in the Commercial Law, distinguish finance lease and operating lease clearly according to their legal properties. Regarding finance lease, however, a problem remains where ownership in terms of taxation and accounting and ownership in a legal sense disagree. So, as an effort to coordinate with the classification system of taxation and accounting, it seems that ownership in terms of taxation and accounting had better be awarded to the lease company in a finance lease agreement. In the mean time, as it was pointed that most of the current stipulations for lease agreement fail to properly protect the users of lease agreements by not allowing them to cancel the agreements before maturity, exceptions have been made to the stipulations so as to allow cancellations before maturity if the user has an acceptable reason for cancellation. For operating lease, the conflicts involving cancellations before maturity are being settled according to the legal principles of rental agreement. However, as far as the defects liability and the maintenance liability for the object of operating lease is concerned, if the current stipulations were followed, which reflect the characteristics of lease agreement and, as a result, differ from those in the Civil Law, there comes a problem in which the stipulations become inconsistent with the legal principles of the Civil Law behind rental agreement. A further discussion on this matter would be necessary in the future.

증권집단소송의 남소방지제도

윤창술(Chang-Sul Yoon),이훈종(토론자) 한양법학회 2005 漢陽法學 Vol.17 No.-

B2B전자상거래를 위한 전자외상매출채권의 정책적 과제에 대한 고찰

윤창술(Chang-Sul Yoon) 한양법학회 2004 漢陽法學 Vol.16 No.-

수입형전자상거래의 안전성 제고 방안

윤창술(Yoon, Chang-Sul),송호신(Song, Ho-Shin) 한양법학회 2015 漢陽法學 Vol.26 No.2

Recently, it is blowing that hot air of ‘Imported-type Electronic Commerce’. People are buy a product that is easy to purchase in the domestic and foreign famous brand products in overseas sites at affordable prices. Through Imported-type E-commerce, has the advantage of being able to buy inexpensive goods and high quality branded goods. In 2013, Imported-type electronic commerce was 1,400 billion. Had increased by 50% compared to the previous year. However, the 40% of consumer has been suffered complaints or damage for the fake site, the damaged goods, incorrect delivery and return of goods. Despite this situation, the political debate is focused on ‘the streamlined customs procedures’ than ‘the consumer protection’. Measures for consumer harm may need to look around the current laws. “Act on the Consumer Protection in the Electronic Commerce Transactions, etc.” is the act on the consumer protection for using a domestic E-commerce. Therefore, the remaining types except for import mall-type can not be protection because it is a characteristics of the trade on foreign companies’ e-commerce. General Standard Terms and Conditions will be a minimum of legal protection. The provision of the law requires institutional arrangements. Several institutional arrangements is required. It may be enough to remedy the damage, in terms of for prevention and protection the consumer. First, the overseas purchasing agents should be obliged to inform the exact terms and conditions of the product to consumers. Second, we need to apply the payment of cash advance deposited in an escrow system to ensure the safety of the prepaid e-commerce. Third, a variety of consumer support measures such as the Korea Consumer Agency is pursuing that ‘imported electronic commerce User Guidelines’ shall be established in run properly.

리스금융에 있어서 리스물건의 하자담보책임에 대한 연구

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ) 한국법정책학회 2008 법과 정책연구 Vol.8 No.1

리스와 렌탈의 정비를 위한 법정책의 개선 방안

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ),송호신 ( Ho Shin Song ) 한국법정책학회 2016 법과 정책연구 Vol.16 No.1

종래 우리 사회는 필요한 물건이 있다면 당연히 당해 물품을 구매하여 사용하는 것이 당연시 하였다. 그러나 1997년 IMF외환위기와 2008년 금융위기라는 두차례의 경제위기 그리고 2010년 이후에 경험하고 있는 경제성장의 둔화는 우리 사회의 소비패턴을 변화시키고 있다. 즉 물건을 직접 구매하는 방식 대신에 리스나 렌탈에 의한 임대차 방식의 이용이 크게 증가하고 있다. 리스나 렌탈에 대한 사회적 수요도 급증하여, 2014년 현재 리스와 렌탈 모두 10조 이상의 소비시장이 형성되고 있다. 이러한 리스와 렌탈의 급속한 증가는 소비자의 피해를 수반하게 된다. 문제는 현행 리스와 렌탈에 대한 규제법규가 「민법」과 「상법」 및 「여신전문금융업법」 등에 산발적으로 분산되어 있고, 그나마 피해구제를 위한 법규정이 불비되어 있다는 사실이다. 또한 사업자들은 리스와 렌탈의 용어를 달리 사용하며, 서로 다른 별개의 영업으로 광고하고 있다. 소비자들도 리스와 렌탈이 다른 영역의 상품이라고 여기고 있어, 그 적용법규의 이해에 혼란이 있다. 이에 본고에서는 Ⅱ.에서 리스와 렌탈에 대한 현행 법제도를 비교한다. 혼동을 일으키고 있는 리스와 렌탈의 용어와 개념, 그리고 그 법적성질과 「민법」ㆍ「상법」ㆍ「여신전문금융업법」 등에 흩어져 있는 근거법규에 대한 내용과 함께 리스와 렌탈의 현황 및 소비자 피해 발생의 상황에 대하여 살피도록 한다. Ⅲ.에서는 리스와 렌탈에 대한 현행법규의 규정들이 분산되어 있거나 미비 혹은 불비되어 있는 문제들 그리고 용어 구별의 혼란과 그로 인하여 야기되는 법적용상의 규제격차의 발생 및 소비자 피해에 대한 구제의 한계와 어려움에 대하여 기술한다, Ⅳ.에서는 이러한 문제들을 해결하기 위해서는 리스와 렌탈에 대한 정비를 위한 법정책의 개선이 이루어져야 함을 다룬다. 즉 소비자보호를 강화하고 있는 외국의 입법 사례를 비교하고 그를 통한 바람직한 입법방향을 모색하도록 한다. 또한 이를 통해 유사하지만 마치 다른 것으로 오해되어 별개의 법적용을 받고 있는 리스와 렌탈에 대한 현행 법률체계를 통합하고 개선함으로써 법적용의 규제격차를 해소하는 내용을 담는다. 리스와 렌탈의 거래 실정을 감안할 때에, 현행 「상법」규정 내에 리스와 렌탈을 흡수하여 포괄적으로 규정하는 방안이 가능할 것이다. 그러나 상법의 특성에 비추어 볼 때에 특정 당사자를 위해 보호 규정을 두는 것이 입법의 체계에 맞지 아니할 수 있으며, 운용리스나 렌탈에 관한 새로운 규정의 제정은 기존 민법과의 충돌을 야기할 수 있다는 우려가 있다. 이러한 문제점을 종합해 볼 때 리스와 렌탈 모두를 포괄하는 가칭 「동산임대차에 관한 법률」을 새로이 제정하는 방안이 가장 바람직하다고 본다. The cosumer of our society is conventionally used to through purchase of the products, if the goods was necessary. However, the 1997 IMF and the 2008 financial crisis and since 2010, in due to slower economic growth in the years, the consumption patterns of our society has been changing. That way by lease or rental in place to buy things directly, and significantly increased. Social demand for the lease or rental is also surged. That way utilization of the lease by lease or rental scheme in place to buy things directly and significantly increased. In the 2014, the lease and the rental, each has been formed consumer market over 10 trillion won. These rapid increase of the lease and the rental were accompanied by damage to the consumer. The problem is that, laws for the lease and the rental was distributed and scattered. They are the Civil Law and the Commercial Law and Specialized Credit Financial Business Act, etc. In addition, regulations on the law for consumer’s damage are deficiency. Business operators should use a different word in the leasing and rental. They are advertised as a separate business. Also, consumers understand that leasing and rentals was regarded it as goods of other sort. There is confusion in the understanding of applicable law. In this paper, chapterⅡ, compare the current legal system on the lease and rental. Look for terms and concepts, legal status and the nature and basis laws(the Civil Code and the Commercial Code and the Specialized Credit Financial Business Act) and harm of consumers. The chapter Ⅲ, to describes on that the provisions of the current regulations and it``s problems, the confusion of terminology and differences of applying laws, the limitations and difficulties of relief for consumer harm, The chaper Ⅳ, to deal with that it made improvements to the maintenance of law policy for leasing and rental. It is a the most desirable that plan to establish a new law, “the law on the lease and rental of movable assets”.

디지털콘텐츠산업의 부가가치세에 대한 연구

윤창술 ( Chang Sul Yoon ) 한국법정책학회 2006 법과 정책연구 Vol.6 No.2