돈 들릴로의 『언더월드』와 마음의 과학

김수임(Sooim Kim) 한국아메리카학회 2015 美國學論集 Vol.47 No.2

This paper is an attempt to study the science of mind in Don De Lillo's Underworld based on conceptual blending theory as proposed by Mark Turner and Gilles Fauconnier in cognitive linguistics. In recent years, it has become fashionable to speak of cognitive science. The fundamental concept of it is that thinking can best be understood in terms of representational structures in the mind and computational procedures that operate on those structures. This is a nexus of cognitive science and Underworld which shows the aspect of blurring the distinction between human being and the Internet. Blending theory is able to improve on the shortcomings of classical cognitive metaphor theory and additionally posits some much more fundamental theses about the human mind. Investigating the human psyche in the field of natural science, William James approached the human mind from a neuroscientific perspective. He was influenced by Charles Darwin known for his contributions to evolutionary theory. Today the science of mind has been enriched by the foundations of the brain studies. For example, blending could be explained as the binding problem in neuroscience. Gerald Edelman has tried to solve the problem by invoking a conjectural neurobiological process called reentrant signaling which is practically established by the technology of fMRI and the PET studies. As the result of an empirical study of neuroscience, we could understand how our mind works proving blending theory.

4차 산업혁명 시대에 평생교육의 역할 : 메리 셸리의 『프랑켄슈타인』으로 비판적 사고 가르치기

김수임(Sooim Kim),정혜진(Hyejin Chung) 한국영미문학교육학회 2020 영미문학교육 Vol.24 No.2

This paper aims to examine the necessity of critical thinking in adult learning as a part of lifelong education. The world is changing fast. There is quite a bit we know about the global megatrends that much has been written about the Fourth Industrial Revolution including the recent Future of Jobs report by the World Economic Forum. We have a hard time catching up with the rapid change only for ourselves. In this situation, lifelong education can bridge the gap. Then by what could we educate critical thinking? Literary works have played a leading role as a space for the imagination. This paper is focused on Frankenstein written by Mary Shelley. Learners can enhance their critical thinking in the process of close reading and discussing various current issues like post-human, AI, distopia, human cloning, basic income, gender, lookism, low birthrate, youth unemployment, elderly poverty etc. In short, learners are expected to learn how to relate a chance encounter with the great novel to their own lives resulting in developing their critical thinking.

거울 뉴런에 의한 모방과 공감 그리고 자아인식: 돈 들릴로의 바디아티스트 를 중심으로

김수임(Sooim Kim) 한국아메리카학회 2017 美國學論集 Vol.49 No.2

The aim of this study tries to research human’s ability of imitation and empathy in Don DeLillo’s The Body Artist based on mirror neurons. The novel examines the trauma of Lauren, following the suicide of her husband. Lauren, after all, restores herself from the grieving life by performing ‘Body-Time’ which surprisingly covers her transformation into a masculinized Mr. Tuttle. He is an enigmatic figure who imitates past conversations between Lauren and Rey. Lauren starts to see him as her dead husband. How can we understand such acts of imitation? This paper tries to find out its clue from DeLillo’s long-time interest in science. Especially, mirror neurons are important for learning the actions of others by imitation and explaining also the neural basis of the human ability for feelings like empathy. When copying of an action is related to mirror neurons, it can be understandable. This is why the study explores The Body Artist on the basis of mirror neurons.

대중매체 이미지와 시뮬라크라의 잠재성 : 『화이트 노이즈』를 중심으로

김수임(Kim, Sooim) 건국대학교 스토리앤이미지텔링연구소 2012 스토리&이미지텔링 Vol.3 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 들릴로의 『화이트 노이즈』를 중심으로 시뮬라크라의 긍정성을 주장하는 들뢰즈의 사유에 의거하여 시뮬라크라의 새로운 가능성을 탐색하는 것이다. 미국의 대표적인 포스트모던 작가, 들릴로는 소비주의, 미디어와 정보사회, 시뮬레이션과 하이퍼리얼리즘 등 후기자본주의 사회의 부정적 현상을 비판적인 입장에서 다룬다. 이 때문에 들릴로의 작품에 대한 기존의 많은 연구는 비관적 전망을 제시하는 보드리야르의 시뮬라크라 이론을 중심으로 진행되어 왔다. 하지만 들릴로는 자신이 미국 사회에 암울한 시선을 던지는 작가로 인식되는 것에 강한 거부감을 드러내며 기계적인 환경에서 희망의 파장을 찾으려한다고 밝힌 바 있다. 이런 맥락에서 이해할 때 들릴로는 후기산업사회의 부정성 자체를 이야기하고자 한 것이 아님을 알 수 있다. 다만 그는 기술문명을 맹목적으로 추종해서는 안된다는 것을 경고하려는 것이다. 모든 현상은 양면성을 지니듯 기술문명 역시 그 속에 긍정성을 뒤덮는 어둠이 있고 이 어둠은 총체성을 낳으면서 다시 저항을 받는다. 따라서 우리가 기술문명의 한계를 인식하고 비판적인 이성을 작동시킬 때 그것의 진정한 의미인 자유와 보다 나은 세계를 희망할 수 있다. 본 연구는 이런 맥락에서 들릴로의 현실에 대한 비판적인 입장을 이해하고 이미지 소비사회에서 희망의 빛을 찾고자한 그의 의도에 주목하여 『화이트 노이즈』에서 시뮬라크라의 새로운 가능성을 모색하려는 것이다. 바로 이 지점에서 플라톤의 진리중심의 환원적 사유를 전복시키고 잠재성 개념을 근거로 시뮬라크라의 창조적 힘을 주장하는 들뢰즈의 사유와 연결고리를 찾을 수 있다. 잠재성은 겉으로 드러나 있지는 않지만 모든 것을 현실화 시킬 수 있는 잠재적 실재로 현실의 발생조건이자 변화를 이끄는 추동력이고 들뢰즈는 이것을 통하여 시뮬라크라의 긍정의 힘을 주장한다. 이로써 들뢰즈는 플라톤주의와 그것을 계승하는 재현의 논리를 전복할 가능성을 찾고 이미지 문화를 긍정적으로 이해하기 위한 기반을 제공한다. 따라서 본 연구는 들릴로가 주장하려는 포스트모던 윤리가 억압적인 측면이 있음에도 시뮬라크라가 실재가 되어버린 현실을 받아들일 때 안정을 추구할 수 있다는 것임을 고찰하고자 한 것이다. This paper explores Don DeLillo`s major work, White Noise with respect to Gilles Deleuze`s concept of simulacra. The term, simulacra, is used here as a renewed term in its relationship with the original. Reacting the old belief since Plato who denied the copy as a perversion, Deleuze utilizes that concept as a bearing of positive power in the age of medial culture. He explores simulacra through the virtual, which is not actual but fully real based on the actual. By repetitions and differences, every actualisation is emerged from the virtual. In this sense, simulacra are the practical signs that make peculiarities and differences. As a writer living in the mass media and the image cultures, DeLillo has been coping with the post-industrial society in a negative way. Nevertheless, the deep concern of man arises along with the hope for future. Through White Noise, on one hand, DeLillo reflects the negative aspects of media images, while on the other hand, he sheds light on the positive sides of media images. In short, what DeLillo strongly claims is that we cannot help living with simulacra. This may be the ethics of simulacra I attempt to elaborate in may paper.

인지과학의 관점에서 살펴본 인공지능의 의식

김수임(Kim, Sooim),이우학(Lee, Woohak) 미래영어영문학회 2017 영어영문학 Vol.22 No.1

The aim of this paper is an attempt to examine a consciousness of artificial intelligence not being different from that of human in terms of cognitive science focused on Richard Powers‘ Galatea 2.2. This novel borrows freely from Edelman’s principles rooted in neurology in its representation both of human and of artificial brains. Richard, the protagonist, tutors the neural network dubbed Helen that is modeled on human brains, first by reading her classical American literature, then current incidents. As a result, the computer is able to communicate like a human. Richard’s description of Helen’s gradual development of something like consciousness is an example of Edelman’s theory of neuronal group selection as applied to artificial mind. Moreover, the novel indicates that part of Richard’s discussion of metaphor follows Lakoff and Johnson closely in calling attention to the conceptual metaphors of cognitive linguistics. For example, Imp F shows the erroneous but astonishing leap by connecting old trees and the trees bald. Though F’s performance is not perfect, it means F’s ordinary conceptual system is fundamentally metaphoric. In this context, this paper tries to study parallels between humans and neural nets.

이미지의 반복과 메를로퐁티의 키아즘

김수임(Kim, Sooim) 새한영어영문학회 2015 새한영어영문학 Vol.57 No.4

The purpose of this paper is to study the creative power of image in Don DeLillo’s Mao Il using Merleau-Ponty’s chiasm. According to Merleau-Ponty, our body and the world overlap by means of sensation which bridges us and other things around us through an intersubjective relation: we feel the world because it feels us. In this way, we and the world are intertwined, just as everything in the world is intertwined. And this is chiasmic on account of the overlapping in the mediating zone of contact. This is where DeLillo and Merleau-Ponty can be related. DeLillo acknowledges photography as an artistic medium in Mao Il as he utilizes some photos including the group wedding ceremony for 6500 couples held by Moon Sunmyung. Especially I note the fact that an impotent novelist Bill Gray contrasts with a professional photographer Brita Nilsson and an American artist Andy Warhol whose art uses many types of media including painting, photography, silk screening, and film. Among them, Bill’s defeat surely proposes the status of the novel, which has been dominated by multimedia systems. It also means Brita and Warhol’s art has a creative force putting life into its objects. In this context, DeLillo implies that visual art, today, is one of the productive tools to express the human mind and communicate.

북한이탈주민 상담의 효과적인 개입요인: 국내 학술지 분석

김수임 ( Sooim Kim ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 북한이탈주민 상담의 효과적인 개입요인을 문헌연구를 통해 탐색적으로 확인하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 스코핑(scoping) 방법에 따라 연구질문 형성, 관련 연구 검색, 문헌선정, 데이터 기록, 분석 및 결과보고로 연구가 수행되었다. 연구질문은 ‘국내 학술지 문헌에 나타난 북한이탈주민 상담의 효과적인 개입요인은 무엇인가?’이며, 관련 연구수집은 한국교육학술정보원(RISS)과 한국학술지인용 색인(KCI)의 검색엔진에서 ‘북한이탈주민’, ‘북한이탈주민 상담’, ‘북한이탈주민 정신건강’ 등을 주요어로 하여 이루어졌다. 수집된 논문에 대한 검토를 통해 본 연구의 목적에 적합한 등재지 논문 30편을 최종 선정하였다. 연구질문에 대한 답을 구하는 자세로 논문을 읽으며 해당하는 내용을 추출하고 이를 범주화한 결과, 북한이탈주민 상담의 효과적인 개입요인으로 상담사의 태도, 심리적 개입, 상담사 경계의 확장, 탈북과정 및 문화적 차이에 대한 이해, 현실적인 문제해결 및 교육, 희망의 고취, 유연한 상담방식 등이 도출되었다. 이러한 결과는 북한이탈주민 상담의 특성을 이해하고 전문상담사를 교육하는 데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 그 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study is to exploratively identify effective intervention factors for North Korean defector counseling through literature research. To this end, research has been conducted with research question formation, relevant research search, literature selection, data recording, analysis and results reporting according to the scoping method. The research question is ‘What are the effective intervention factors in counseling for North Korean (NK) defectors in the domestic journals?’, and the related studies were collected in the key words of ‘NK defectors’, ‘NK defectors counseling’, and ‘NK defectors mental health’ in the search engines of the Korea Eduction and Research Information Service (RISS) and the Korea Citation Index (KCI). A review of the collected studies resulted in the final selection of 30 papers suitable for the purpose of this study. As a result of extracting and categorizing the relevant content while seeking answers to research questions, counselor’s attitude, psychological intervention, expansion of the counselor boundary, understanding the process of defection and cultural differences, practical problem solving and education, hope inspiration, and flexible counseling methods were derived. These results are meaningful in that they can be used as basic data to understand the characteristics of NK defector counseling and to educate professional counselors.

『화이트 노이즈』에 나타난 대중매체 이미지와 시뮬라크라의 정치성

김수임(Kim, Sooim) 새한영어영문학회 2012 새한영어영문학 Vol.54 No.2

This paper aims to examine the virtual of simulacra in Don DeLillo"s White Noise. As a writer living in the mass-media and image cultures, DeLillo has been coping with the post-industrial society in a negative way. Nevertheless, the deep concern of man arises along with the hope for the future. Through White Noise, on the one hand, DeLillo reflects the negative aspects of media images, while, on the other hand, he sheds light on the positive sides of media images. In short, what DeLillo strongly claims is that we cannot help living with simulacra. The term, simulacra, is used here as a renewed term in its relationship with the original. Reacting to the old belief since Plato who denied a copy as a perversion, Gilles Deleuze utilizes that concept as a bearing of positive power in the age of media culture. He explores simulacra through the virtual, which is not actual but fully real based on the actual. By repetitions and differences, every actualisation emerges from the virtual. In this sense, simulacra are the practical signs that make peculiarities and differences. What literature should do in this age is to create becoming through differences and repetitions. This may be the ethics of simulacra I attempt to elaborate in my paper.

돈 들릴로의 『바디아티스트』에 나타난 양자역학적 시간과 존재의 임의성

김수임 ( Sooim Kim ) 한국아메리카학회 2016 美國學論集 Vol.48 No.3

The aim of this paper is an attempt to examine the randomness of time and existence in Don DeLillo`s The Body Artist based on the main concepts of quantum mechanics such as wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, and entanglement. DeLillo has always been interested in the randomness and ambiguity of quantum physics in which order is not possible. He plumbs the depths of consciousness in which perception, imagination, and consciousness itself often seem to be different facets of the same process like the particle, wave, and field of the quantum flux entangled with everything else. DeLillo has consciously relied on these aspects of quantum theory that fascinated him in regard to structure, time`s moving backward, style in the disconnected instances of perception and perspective. The Body Artist, his fictional text, clearly reveals such strategies that lie behind it in the very fabric of the narratives themselves. In short, DeLillo`s curiosity about quantum theory has been considerable and can be equal to the roles of top flight creative convergence talents in the era of convergence. Here is the necessity of this study.

융합시대에 교양교육의 일환으로 영문학 읽기

김수임(Kim, Sooim),정혜진(Chung, Hyejin) 새한영어영문학회 2016 새한영어영문학 Vol.58 No.3

This paper aims to emphasize the necessity of literary education as a part of liberal education in the era of convergence. Liberal education is essential for the development of top flight creative convergence talents. Without it, we can train only technicians who cannot understand the basic principles behind the motions they perform. We can hardly expect such skilled automatons to make new discoveries of any importance. That is the reason why the connection of liberal education with scientific creativity is indispensible. As a part of liberal education, literary works can play an important role as a space for the imagination in which students can identify new possibilities of action. This means that students can enhance their critical thinking and draw understanding of humans and the world in the process of close reading of English novels and discussing various social issues. It is the utility of literary education in the post industrial society whose top priority is practical value.