장기간 복합운동이 고령자의 심폐기능과 신체조성에 미치는 영향

김성수(Sung Soo Kim),심영제(Young Jae Sim),황문현(Moon Hyeon Hwang),변재종(Jae Jong Byeon),최요섭(Yo Seob Choi),서경호(Kyeong Ho Seo),김만겸(Man Kyeom Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a year aerobic combined with resistance weight training on cardiorespiratory function and body composition of elders. The subjects for this study were thirty healthy elderly people who were members of seniors tower at Song-Do hospital and didn`t have any history of cardiorepiratory disease. The subjects were divided into two groups: aerobic combined with resistance weight training group(n=16), and aerobic training group(n=14). Both groups have been trained three times a week for a year. The exercise program for both groups was made up of a 15-minute warm-up, cool-down. Stretching was performed every ten minutes for the prevention of injuries which could occur during the main exercise and quick recovery of the used muscle. Aerobic training was performed for each 10-20minutes using the treadmill and cycle ergometer at the intensity of 50-70% HRmax. The resistance weight training was performed for each 3set using the reg press, reg extension, reg curl, back extension, abdominal flexion, and torso at 60% of one-repetition maximum. One repetition maximum(1RM) of each person in all the six terms measured prior to training performance. For the data, all the measurements were represented b, mean(M) and standard deviation(SD) using SAS Package(version 6.12). Statistical techniques for data analysis were ANCOVA to determine the difference among groups. The 5% level of significance was used as the critical level for acceptance of hypotheses for the study. The following results were obtained from this study. 1. In the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic combined with resistance weight training group, rest RPP decreased significantly after a year training. 2. In the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic combined with resistance weight training group, there wasn`t a significant difference in rest HR after a year training. 3. In the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic combined with resistance weight training group, there wasn`t a significant difference in V02max after a year training. 4. In the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic combined with resistance weight training group, there wasn`t significant difference in rest systolic blood pressure while diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly after a year training. 5. In the aerobic exercise group and the aerobic combined with resistance weight training group, waist to hip ratio decreased significantly while fat mass(kg), %body fat, and lean body mass(kg) weren`t significant difference after a year training. In conclusion, the result of this study suggests that this kind of aerobic combined with resistance weight training can contribute to the better improvement in the cardiorespiratory function. In the changes of body composition, though there was only decreased significant waist to hip ratio between the two groups. Although the statistical significance of the change was not discovered, aerobic combined with resistance weight training group showed that the tendency of fat mass(kg), %body fat loss and lean body mass(kg) were increased after a year training. Therefore, carrying out a long period of aerobics and resistance weight training at the same time is considered to be proper exercise programs to the development risk of heart disease and to prevent all kinds of regressive diseases and reduce body fat in elderly people. More effective and various exercise programs should be developed in the near future to be helpful with the elderly people.

외국인학교,외국교육기관,국제학교의 법적 쟁점 분석

이덕난 ( Deok Nan Lee ),유의정 ( Eui Jung Yoo ),김만겸 ( Man Kyeom Kim ) 대한교육법학회 2014 敎育 法學 硏究 Vol.26 No.2

이 연구에서는 외국인학교ㆍ외국교육기관ㆍ국제학교의 법적 성격을 규명하고, 법적 쟁점을 분석·연구하였다. 주요한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 외국인학교와 외국교육기관, 국제학교는 설립 목적과 근거 법령이 다르다. 둘째, 외국어 전용 교육기관에 대한 정책의 기본방향을 수립할 때에는 급격한 변화보다는 점진적인 변화를 추구하는 것이 타당하고, 사안에 따라 규제와 완화를 병행하여 추진하는 것이 효과적이다. 셋째, 현재 외국인학교 및 외국교육기관은 사실상 외국인 자녀만을 위한 교육기관이 아니며 설립 및 운영에 있어 국고가 지원된 경우도 있으므로, 회계 관련 관리감독에 대해서는 의혹이 없도록 투명성을 확보하는 것이 요구된다. 넷째, 외국인학교 등의 내국인 입학허용 비율을 현행대로 유지하되, 교육력 제고를 지원하여 외국인 학생을 추가로 유치하면 실제 내국인 학생수도 증가될 수 있을 것이다 This study investigated and analyzed legal feature and issue of foreign schools, foreign educational institutes, and international schools. Main study results are as follows: First, foreign schools, foreign educational institutes, and international schools have different establishment purpose and legal foundation. Second, it is reasonable to pursue gradual change rather than radical change when it comes to establishing basic direction of the policy regarding foreign language educational institutes. Furthermore, it is effective to proceed regulation and alleviation side by side and case by case. Third, it is required for the schools to be transparent in order not to have doubts in management and supervision regarding accounting since current foreign schools and foreigner education institutes are not only for the foreigners` children, but also are state-funded schools. Fourth, it is possible for native(resident) students to be increased in number due to additional foreign students, by supporting enhancing educational power and maintaining the native students` admissions rate of foreign schools.

퇴행성 슬관절염 노인여성에 있어 12 주 운동프로그램 적용 후 근기능과 신체조성 및 통증정도의 변화

지용석(Yong Suk Ji),변재종(Jae Jong Byeon),김만겸(Man Kyeom Kim) 한국사회체육학회 2000 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.13 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the change of muscular function, degree of pain and body composition of female elderly ten persons with knee osteoarthritis and obesity after 12 weeks. During this periods the subjects performed isometric exercise at the specific knee joint angle without pain(15° 10° 5° in this study) and aerobic exercise to reduce the obesity that is primary risk factor of knee osteoarthritis. The results of all the variables are as followed: 1. The aspects of muscular function tested in isokinetic machine: 1) There were statistically significant differences in the peak torque, peak torque %body weight, total work, total work %body weight of extensor muscles between affected and normal knee joints, but not statistically significant differences in all variables of flexor muscles between affected and normal knee joints in the isokinetic angluar velocity of 60° /second before exercise. 2) There were statistically significant differences in all variables of extensor muscles between affected and normal knee joints, but not statistically significant differences in all variables of flexor muscles of affected and normal knee joints in the isokinetic angluar velocity of 60° /second after exercise. 3) There were statistically significant differences in all variables of extensor muscles between affected and normal knee joints, but not statisticallly significant differences in all variables in flexor muscles of affected and normal knee joints in the isokinetic angluar velocity of 180° /sec before exercise. 4) Although there were statistically significant differences in the peak torque and peak torque %body weight of extensor muscles between affected and normal knee joints, the other factors, total work and total work %body weight, were not statistically significant different at the isokinetic angluar velocity of 180° /sec after exercise. But there were not statisticall y significant differences in all variables in flexor muscles of affected and normal knee joints in the isokinetic angluar velocity of 180° /sec after exercise. 5) There were statistically significant differences in all variables of an affected extensor muscle but the peak torque and total work of an affected flexor muscle were not a significant different at the isokinetic angluar velocity of 60° /sec after exercise. But there were statistically significant differences in all variables of normal extensor and flexor muscles at the isokinetic angluar velocity of 60° /sec after exercise. 6) There were statistically significant differences in all variables in an affected extensor muscle but all variables in an affected flexor muscle were not a significant different at the isokinetic angluar velocity of 180° /sec after exercise. Although there were statistically significant differences in the peak torque, peak torque %body weight, total work %body weight of an normal extensor muscle, total work was not statistically significant different. But all variables of an normal flexor muscle were statistically significant different at the isokinetic angluar velocity of 180° /sec after exercise 2. There was not a statistically significant difference in weight, muscle mass, body fat and % body fat to observe the change of body composition between pre and post exercise. 3. There is a statistically significant difference in the pain score showing change of the degree of pain between pre and post exercise. As a conclusion, the patients with a knee joint osteoarthitis in this study can be improved in the muscular function and the pain degree but not be changed in body composition after 12 weeks. In the future, when we compose the exercise program for osteoarthitis patients, we think that the following reserch must be planed to prolonging therapy periods over 12 weeks` program which do not endowed without loads on the knee joints or can change the body composition.