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李晓,涛,(Li XiaoTao) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2010 아시아연구 Vol.- No.11
近代이래, 중국의 전통문화 중의 하나인 中醫는 서양 의학의 충격을 받아점차 폐지될 위기에 처했다. “中醫廢止”문제는 中ㆍ西醫學의 차이를 나타낼뿐만 아니라 동시에 中ㆍ西두 가지 다른 문화의 충돌을 나타내기도 한다. 따라서 學界에서는 “廢醫”문제에 대해 관심을 갖게 되었으며 어느 정도 성과를 거두었다. 학계에서는 總體的인 연구 외에 “廢醫”운동의 핵심적인 원인인,“廢醫”운동과 사회 사조, “廢醫”운동 중의 話語權쟁탈, 국가권력과 “廢醫”운동, 관련 인물에 대한 연구와 中醫개혁문제 등 다양한 분야에 대해 연구하였다. 따라서 이 문제에 있어서 연구하는 내용이 더욱 더 구체적이었고 연구하는 시각이 더욱 새로울수록 연구하는 태도가 더욱 객관적이었다. 그러나 총체적으로 보면 현재 학계에서 “廢醫”문제에 대한 연구는 여전히 매우 미천하여 아직도 연구할 여지가 많다. 예를 들면 연구 시각이 단편적이고 결론에 깊이가 없으며; 연구시각이 더욱 넓어야 하며; 문제의식이 돌출하지 못하는 등의 문제가 있다. 최근에 해외지역의 醫療社會史에 관한 연구는 비약적인 발전을 가져왔다. 만약 해외 지역에 대한 연구방법을 이용하여 “廢醫”문제를 연구하면 이 문제에 대한 연구 성과는 더욱 풍부해질 것이다. In modern times, Traditional Chinese medicine with Chinese characteristics has been impacted by Western medicine and under the risk of being abolished. "Abolition of Traditional Chinese medicine" issue not only reflects the differences between the Chinese and Western medicine, but also reflects the conflict of two different cultures. Thus, the academic communities pay more attention to this issue and have achieved some results. In addition to general studies, the core reason of "Abolition of Traditional Chinese medicine" campaign, the campaign and ethos, the fight for the right words in the campaign, state power and the campaign, related characters, innovation of Traditional Chinese medicine and so on both studied by the academic communities. It can be said on this issue, the research content is more specific; research perspective is more novel; and study manner is more objective. But overall, the study of this issue is still somewhat weak, and there are some spaces to further study. For example, the research perspective is a little single, and the conclusion lacks of depth; the research view need to be further broadened; problem awareness is not so prominent. In recent years, overseas study of medical and social history is booming. If we can learn from overseas research methods, and applies those methods to "Abolition of Traditional Chinese medicine" issue, then the research will be enriched.
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李晓,涛,(Li XiaoTao) 경북대학교 아시아연구소 2010 아시아연구 Vol.- No.10
五四前後,“科學”成為判斷事物正確與否的重要標準。近代傳入中國的西方醫學因其具“科學性”而得到提倡,反之,中國傳統醫學因“不科學”而遭到一些人的懷疑與摒棄。1912 年,北洋政府將中醫拒之教育系統門外,1929年,國民政府又以“中醫不合科學”為由,要求廢止中醫。同時,醫學界乃至學術界也展開了激烈的中西醫論爭。一些五四學人以“科學”為利刃,迫切要求將中醫斬草除根。在政府行為與報刊輿論的雙重壓力下,中醫一方面批駁“廢醫”論,一方面也開始反思自身,並走上了一條自我革新之路。在這場中醫革新之路中,“中醫科學化”運動影響最為深遠。“中醫科學化”運動主張以科學的方法研究中醫,從而在某種程度上改變了中醫與科學對立的局面。可以說,中醫能夠保留至今,與“中醫科學化”運動有著密不可分的關係。然而,在當時,“中醫科學化”運動並未得到中西醫學界所有人士的贊同。“廢醫”論者認為傳統的中醫已經腐朽不堪,根本無法實現“科學化”;中醫界一些人士則認為“科學”一詞包羅萬象,中醫也屬於科學的範疇,實現“中醫科學化”運動,等於默認中醫不科學。另有中醫界人士認為,中西醫學是否合理,應該以“療效”而不是科學作為衡量標準。這種否定科學作為事物衡量標準的論調在科學昌明的五四時代,是很難得到人們支持的。然而,在當今時代,我們仔細思索,不禁也會產生疑問: 中醫為什麼一定要科學化呢?為什麼一定要用“科學”來決定中醫的命運呢?時至今日,中醫依然處於兩難境地,也許跳出“科學”語境,從醫學與文化關係的角度,能夠解決中醫自我革新問題。 Before and after “May Fourth Movement”, the "science" has become the important criterion to judge right or not. Modern western medicine introduced to China was promoted because of "science", whereas Chinese traditional medicine was doubted and abandoned for "nonscience" by some people. In 1912, the Beijing Government refused Chinese traditional medicine to join in the education system; in 1929, the National Government, with the grounds that "Chinese traditional medicine is nonscience", tried to abolish it. Meanwhile, the medical circles and even academe have engaged in a fierce debate about Chinese and Western medicine. Under the dual pressure of government act and public opinion, Chinese traditional medicine rebutted on the one hand, while on the other hand, began to reflect on their own, and embarked on a road of self-innovation. In the way of this medicine innovation, "scientization of Chinese traditional medicine" movement has been the most profound. This movement advocated studying Chinese traditional medicine by scientific methods, which to some extent changed the confrontation between Chinese traditional medicine and science. It can be said that the reason why Chinese traditional medicine could be preserved closely linked with this movement. However, at that time, "scientization of Chinese traditional medicine" movement has not been endorsed by everyone in the medical circles. Someone in the western medical circles argued that the Chinese traditional medicine has been too corrupt to achieve "scientific". Some people in the Chinese medical circles thought that "science" is all-inclusive, and the Chinese traditional medicine also belonged to the scope of science; to achieve that movement is equal to default nonscience of Chinese traditional medicine. Another people in the Chinese medical circles believed that whether the medicine is reasonable, should be measured by the effect rather than the science. This argument that denied science as a criterion was difficult to get supports in that scientific time. However, in the present era, when we think over carefully, we can not help have questions: Why Chinese traditional medicine must be scientization? Why used "science" to determine the fate of traditional Chinese medicine? Today, Chinese traditional medicine is still in a dilemma. Escaping from the "scientific" context, from the perspective of medical and cultural relations, self-innovation of Chinese traditional medicine could be solved.
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