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Current trends in the Russian Far East forest sector
Victor K Teplyakov 한국산림과학회 2011 Forest Science And Technology Vol.7 No.3
Having vast areas of high-quality forests, Russia tries to attract more investments in the forest sector for domestic timber processing in order to fill in regional and federal budgets to have more funds available for forest protection and rehabilitation. Comprising over 70% of total forestlands in Russia, forests of the Russian Far East (RFE) are distributed unevenly across provinces. Larch, pine and spruce are the dominant conifer tree species in this vast region, while substantial amounts of forest area and timber volumes can be attributed to oak and ash species. Forest area and tree species distribution are mainly a result of long-lasting natural and anthropogenic impacts, such as forest fires, pest outbreaks, territory development, land-use change, timber harvesting and forestry activities. Mature conifer stands are the most important source of timber both in Russia and in the RFE. Over decades, a predominance of mature conifer species in forest composition became a key strategic factor of timber industry development including domestic consumption and export, mainly roundwood (logs). During the last few decades, the RFE and Siberia forests have been a significant source of timber for domestic use and export to the Asia-Pacific region, mainly, the People’s Republic of China, Japan and the Republic of Korea. Current administrative and legislative reforms, introduction of a new Forest Code of the Russian Federation (2006), governmental decisions on the forest sector including an increase of export tariffs on raw timber, a decrease of import tariffs on wood-processing equipment and some other measures have initiated changes in the forest sector of the RFE. New Russian Forest Code empowered provincial authorities for more practical actions, including initiation of investment projects in major forested provinces of Russia. The article examines major challenges occurring in the Russian forest sector from the following positions: forest resources and impacts on them, timber available for harvesting and availability of forest resources in the RFE to meet growing demands in the future, efforts to increase volumes of wood products of higher value added via the export-import policy, and a reaction of the wood products market to these changes. The conclusion is that the steps undertaken by the Russian Government in order to increase revenue from forest sector are beginning to bring their first results.
( Zar Chi Hlaing ),( Victor K Teplyakov ) 한국임학회 2012 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.-
Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f) is one of the most important valuable hardwood species that is being planted extensively in many countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Due to shrinking of the natural forest including the natural teak forests, teak plantations are being established with a view to enhance the natural stock of teak and to build up a wood capital for the future. This study was carried out in two places in Bago Yoma Range - Bago (East Bago Yoma) and Paukkaung (West Bago Yoma) to investigate the growth of teak plantations in order to provide information on establishment and management of commercial teak plantations. There were three aged classes (10, 15 and 20 years old) of plantations in both sites. We established 12 sample plots in each site (totally 24 sample plots in both sites). The diameter breast height (DBH) and height for all stands in each plot were measured, and totally 223 trees from the sample plots in Bago site and 216 trees in Paukkaung site were selected randomly for taking the core samples to measure the tree-ring width. Soil samples were also taken at the 0-50 cm depth by using 3 sample points method in each sample plot. We found that the average DBH growth rate of plantations was 1.23 (± 0.62) cmyr-1 in Bago site and 1.40 (± 0.95) cmy-1 in Paukkaung site, and mean annual increment (MAI) was 3.7 m3ha-1yr-1 and 4.8m3ha-1yr-1, respectively. This study concludes that both study sites are suitable for thee stablishment of teak plantations consider in gecological conditions : weather, soil properties and topography. The results of this study provide factual status of teak plantations to assist foresters, forest managers and decision makers in reviewing plantation forestry and also the tree-ring analysis contributes to network of teak dendrochronologies in Myanmar.