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- 저자 : ( Muhammad Muneer Umar ) (검색결과 2 건)
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A Survey on State-of-the-Art Knowledge-based System Development and Issues
Muhammad Muneer Umar,Amjad Mehmood,Houbing Song 한국산학기술학회 2015 SmartCR Vol.5 No.6
The human brain can store countless folds of knowledge. Still, we cannot fully utilize a single human brain to solve a specific problem. Knowledge-based systems (KBSs) are computer programs specifically developed to perform problem solving like human experts. These systems effectively expand efficiency and flawlessly solve problems in various fields. The structure of a KBS can be divided into five standard components, which are described in detail. The component used for storage is called a knowledgebase, while an inference engine is a software module that processes the knowledge stored in the knowledgebase. Different tools, shells and programming languages can be used to develop and utilize KBSs. The most popular development languages are List Programming (Lisp), Prolog, Java Expert Systems Shell (JESS) and C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS). This paper highlights various known issues in the phases of the development, deployment and maintenance of KBSs. Developers, as well as end users, may face various issues in the life cycle of these systems. The key personalities involved in the development and maintenance of KBSs are knowledge engineers and domain knowledge experts. Most issues are related to the experts’ availability, their behavior and long-term cooperation.
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ESBL: An Energy-Efficient Scheme by Balancing Load in Group Based WSNs
( Amjad Mehmood ),( M. Nouman ),( Muhammad Muneer Umar ),( Houbing Song ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.10
Energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is very appealing research area due to serious constrains on resources like storage, processing, and communication power of the sensor nodes. Due to limited capabilities of sensing nodes, such networks are composed of a large number of nodes. The higher number of nodes increases the overall performance in data collection from environment and transmission of packets among nodes. In such networks the nodes sense data and ultimately forward the information to a Base Station (BS). The main issues in WSNs revolve around energy consumption and delay in relaying of data. A lot of research work has been published in this area of achieving energy efficiency in the network. Various techniques have been proposed to divide such networks; like grid division of network, group based division, clustering, making logical layers of network, variable size clusters or groups and so on. In this paper a new technique of group based WSNs is proposed by using some features from recent published protocols i.e. “Energy-Efficient Multi-level and Distance Aware Clustering (EEMDC)” and “Energy-Efficient Multi-level and Distance Aware Clustering (EEUC)”. The proposed work is not only energy-efficient but also minimizes the delay in relaying of data from the sensor nodes to BS. Simulation results show, that it outperforms LEACH protocol by 38%, EEMDC by 10% and EEUC by 13%.
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