Metabolic Profiling and Biological Activities of Bioactive Compounds Produced by Pseudomonas sp. Strain ICTB-745 Isolated from Ladakh, India

( Kamal ),( Ahmed ),( Anver Basha Shaik ),( C. Ganesh Kumar ),( Poornima Mongolla ),( P. Usha Rani ),( K. V. S ),( Rama Krishna ),( Suman Kumar Mamidyala ),( Joveeta Joseph ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2012 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.22 No.1

In an ongoing survey of the bioactive potential of microorganisms from Ladakh, India, the culture medium of a bacterial strain of a new Pseudomonas sp., strain ICTB-745, isolated from an alkaline soil sample collected from Leh, Ladakh, India, was found to contain metabolites that exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial and biosurfactant activities. Bioactivity-guided purification resulted in the isolation of four bioactive compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated by 1H and 13C NMR, 2D-NMR (HMBC, HSQC, 1H,1H-COSY, and DEPT- 135), FT-IR, and mass spectroscopic methods, and were identified as 1-hydroxyphenazine, phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), rhamnolipid-1 (RL-1), and rhamnolipid-2 (RL-2). These metabolites exhibited various biological activities like antimicrobial and efficient cytotoxic potencies against different human tumor cell lines such as HeLa, HepG2, A549, and MDA MB 231. RL-1 and RL-2 exhibited a dose-dependent antifeedant activity against Spodoptera litura, producing about 82.06% and 73.66% antifeedant activity, whereas PCA showed a moderate antifeedant activity (63.67%) at 60 μg/cm2 area of castor leaf. Furthermore, PCA, RL-1, and RL-2 exhibited about 65%, 52%, and 47% mortality, respectively, against Rhyzopertha dominica at 20 μg/ml. This is the first report of rhamnolipids as antifeedant metabolites against Spodoptera litura and as insecticidal metabolites against Rhyzopertha dominica. The metabolites from Pseudomonas sp. strain ICTB-745 have interesting potential for use as a biopesticide in pest control programs.

Nominal axial and flexural strengths of high-strength concrete columns

Mustafa Kamal Al-Kamal 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2019 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.24 No.1

The ACI building code is allowing for higher strength reinforcement and concrete compressive strengths. The nominal strength of high-strength concrete columns is over predicted by the current ACI 318 rectangular stress block and is increasingly unconservative as higher strength materials are used. Calibration of a rectangular stress block to address this condition leads to increased computational complexity. A triangular stress block, derived from the general shape of the stressstrain curve for high-strength concrete, provides a superior solution. The nominal flexural and axial strengths of 150 highstrength concrete columns tests are calculated using the proposed stress distribution and compared with the predicted strength using various design codes and proposals of other researchers. The proposed triangular stress model provides similar level of accuracy and conservativeness and is easily incorporated into current codes.

Nominal flexural strength of high-strength concrete beams

Al-Kamal, Mustafa Kamal Techno-Press 2019 Advances in concrete construction Vol.7 No.1

The conventional ACI rectangular stress block is developed on the basis of normal-strength concrete column tests and it is still being used for the design of high-strength concrete members. Many research papers found in the literature indicate that the nominal strength of high-strength concrete members appears to be over-predicted by the ACI rectangular stress block. This is especially true for HSC columns. The general shape of the stress-strain curve of high-strength concrete becomes more likely as a triangle. A triangular stress block is, therefore, introduced in this paper. The proposed stress block is verified using a database which consists of 52 tested singly reinforced high-strength concrete beams having concrete strength above 55 MPa (8,000 psi). In addition, the proposed model is compared with models of various design codes and proposals of researchers found in the literature. The nominal flexural strengths computed using the proposed stress block are in a good agreement with the tested data as well as with that obtained from design codes models and proposals of researchers.

A2E "water purifier"

Kamal Pandit,Kamal Shah 한국디자인학회 2014 한국디자인학회 국제초대전도록 Vol.2014 No.5

Evaluation and Identification of Promising Bivoltine Hybrids of Silkworm, Bombyx mori L., for Monsoon and Spring Season of Uttar Pradesh

( Kamal Jaiswal ),( Rachna Goel ) 한국잠사학회 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.6 No.2

Influence of the Recombination Parameters at the Si/SiO₂ Interface on the Ideality of the Dark Current of High Efficiency Silicon Solar Cells

Kamal, Husain,Ghannam, Moustafa The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2015 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.15 No.2

Analytical study of surface recombination at the $Si/SiO_2$ interface is carried out in order to set the optimum surface conditions that result in minimum dark base current and maximum open circuit voltage in silicon solar cells. Recombination centers are assumed to form a continuum rather than to be at a single energy level in the energy gap. It is shown that the presence of a hump in the dark I-V characteristics of high efficiency PERL cells is due to the dark current transition from a high surface recombination regime at low voltage to a low surface recombination regime at high voltage. Successful fitting of reported dark I-V characteristics of a typical PERL cell is obtained with several possible combinations of surface parameters including equal electron and hole capture cross sections.

Management of Tomato Root-knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Plant Extracts and Essential Oils

Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,Magd El-Morsi Awad,M. A. Abdel Gaid 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2

The effect of plant extracts of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus chamadulonsis), garlic (Allium sativium), marigold (Tagetes erecta) and neem (Azadirachta indica) and essential oils were tested on the suppression of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita under greenhouse and field conditions. In vitro study, all tested treatments had nematicidal effect on nematode juveniles after 24 and 48 hours from exposures. The highest percentage of nematode mortality was achieved by application of neem extract (65.4%), essential oils (64.4%) and marigold extract (60.5%), followed by garlic and eucalyptus extracts (38.7-39.5%). Under greenhouse and field conditions, neem extract and essential oils treatments were more effective in reducing population numbers of the M. incognita in soil and root gall index compared to other treatments. In field experiments, the maximum protection of tomato plant against root-knot nematode was obtained by application of neem and essential oil treatments, 44.2 and 32.6%, respectively.

Biological Control of Fusarium Wilt in Tomato by Plant Growth-Promoting Yeasts and Rhizobacteria

Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,Hashem M. Mohamed 한국식물병리학회 2009 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.25 No.2

Three plant growth-promoting yeasts and two rhizobacteria were tested for controlling tomato wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici under greenhouse and field conditions. Under greenhouse and field conditions, all treatments were significantly reduced disease severity of tomato wilt relative to the infected control. The highest disease reductions in pots (75.0, 67.4%) and field (52.5, 42.4%) were achieved by Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus subtilis compared to infected control. Under field condition all treatments produced the highest tomato yield compared to the control plants inoculated with the pathogen.

Effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl and Rahnella aquatilis (Ra39) on Chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase Activities and Disease Resistance of Apple Plants

Kamal A. M. Abo-Elyousr,M. A. A. Sallam,M. H. A. Hassan,W. Zeller 한국식물병리학회 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.1

The effect of Acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and Rahnella aquatilis Ra39 against apple fire blight disease caused by Erwinia amylovora were tested as a possible alternative to streptomycin. In vitro studies, no inhibition effect against the pathogen was found when ASM was tested. Under greenhouse conditions, application of R. aquatilis Ra39 with the highly susceptible M26 rootstock resulted in a marked disease suppression. Application of ASM and strain Ra39 caused a high decrease of the disease, 82% and 58% respectively; this was correlated with a reduction of the growth of the pathogen within host plants up to 64% and 49.5% respectively. Further studies in the field under artificial infection condition during full bloom revealed that application of ASM and R. aquatilis Ra39 with Gala variety resulted in a control effect up to 21 and 29% respectively. In physiological studies, enhanced activities of PR-proteins (chitinase and β-1, 3-glucanase) were detected, which are well known as biochemical markers for systemic acquired resistance. Application of ASM to apple shoots caused the highest chitinase activity followed by strain Ra39. The enzyme activity was increased after 2, 4 and 6 days from application. In addition, ASM-treatment caused the higher β-1, 3-glucanase activity than strain Ra39. Maximum enzyme activity was recorded after 6 days from application and then decreased after 8 and 10 days from application.

Extraction and Characterization of Pectin from Citrus sinensis Peel

Kamal Md. Mostafa,Kumar Jibon,Mamun Md. Akter Hamid,Ahmed Md. Nazim Uddin,Shishir Mohammad Rezaul Islamd,Mondal Shakti Chandra 한국농업기계학회 2021 바이오시스템공학 Vol.46 No.1

Purpose The industrial application of pectin is increasing although its production was far away from the demand, which exerts extra pressure on the existing pectin sources. The present study was focused on the extraction and quality evaluation of pectin from Citrus sinensis (sweet orange) peel as a potential pectin source. Methodology Pectin was extracted from sweet orange peel powder in a shaking water bath at three different extraction conditions, viz. temperatures (65, 75, 85, and 95 °C), pH (1.0, 1.5, 2, and 2.5), and time (45, 60, 75, and 90 min). The extracted pectin was dried to constant weight in a cabinet dryer at 50 °C and packed in the high-density polyethylene pouch and stored at 4 °C until used for quality analysis. After single factor experiments, optimization of process variables was done statistically using the response surface methodology (RSM), where the experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial model. Results The pectin yield was found to vary between 12.52 and 22.45% and the best extraction condition was recorded to be higher in yield at the temperature of 95 °C (21.53%), pH of 1.5 (21.28%), and extraction time of 90 min (22.45%) from the single factor optimization. The quality parameters of pectin, e.g., equivalent weight (1744.66~1899.33 g), methoxyl group content (5.02~5.64%), and degree of esterification (73.26~77.56%), were found to be in satisfactory levels. On the contrary, anhydrouronic acid content (38.47~41.30%) was very low compared to the existing data for various pectin sources. The developed polynomial model has effectively explained the data variation and adequately described the actual correlation between the independent and dependent variables. Results from both single factor experiments and RSM revealed that extraction temperature, pH, and time had a significant influence on the yield and quality of the extracted pectin. Fromthe optimization study, the optimum condition was found as the temperature of 94.13 °C, pH of 1.45, and time of 114.70 min, which yielded 23.64% pectin. Conclusion Conclusively, extraction of pectin from sweet orange peel could be of great interest for application in the food and pharmaceutical industries.