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존엄성 개념의 명료화를 통한트랜스휴머니즘의 비판적 고찰
정연재 ( Yeon Jae Jeong ) 한국윤리학회 2015 倫理硏究 Vol.105 No.1
This article aims to critically assess the ethics of enhancement raised by transhumanism by attempting conceptual clarification of Dignity. The debate about human enhancement has produced a new context of conceptual use of dignity. Transhumanism deny a fixed, intrinsic dimension to human dignity. In this paper, I will show that the concept of dignity classified into inherent dignity and attributed dignity and that the attributed aspect of dignity presuppose the intrinsic aspect of dignity. Then, I calls in question the legitimacy of transhumanist`s claim that the use of emerging technologies will enhance human dignity. This study is organized as follows. The first section clarifies the concept of dignity in the context of value theory. Intrinsic dignity refer to the special type of intrinsic value that belongs to the natural kinds that have the capacities for language, rationality, free will, moral agency etc. Intrinsic dignity is the value that human beings have simply by virtue of the fact that they are human. Attributted dignity refer to the non-instumental value that are attributed to members of any natural kind that has intrinsic Dignity. Attributed dignity is a created value. As Sulmasy argued, the intrinsic sense of dignity is prior to the attributed senses in terms of logical and moral aspects. The second section summarize an critical assessment of transhumanism by grounding this relationship between intrinsic and attributed dignity. Bostrom argues that transcending of human nature will enhance human dignity because human nature is improvable and that human(intrinsic) and posthuman(attributed)dignity as compatible and complementary. However, there is a remarkable difference between human dignity and posthuman dignity in relation to the moral status of human beings. Especially, the use of technology to enhance human dignity removes the uniqueness of human beings based upon intrinsic dignity. The conclusion can be briefly stated as follows. In order to search for the equilibrium(balancing) point between dignity and enhancement, the recognition of the intrinsic, intersubjective value of human dignity is important.