밀턴의 paradise Lost 에서 재현된 사탄의 숭고미 분석

김대중 ( Kim¸ Daejoong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2010 영어권문화연구 Vol.3 No.2

This paper aims to clarify the significance of sublimity in Western literary tradition via exploring various philosophical understandings of the sublimity. To demonstrate this, I use Milton's Paradise Lost and explore the world of sublimity in his work, especially the part where Satan emerges. Regardless of his theological signification, Satan represents a hero who fell and set out a journey to restore what he lost, which causes the sublimity in Milton's magnificent work, Paradise Lost. To analyze this, I mostly focus on Burke's idea of sublimity and its properties ― vastness, obscurity, infinity, uniformity, and magnificent. To some extent, Burke's idea of sublimity reveals the most profound aesthetic aspect of sublimity in Western thought. With Burke's analysis, I also include aesthetic idea of sublimity from Kant and Schopenhaller's works. By intergating and incorporating their ideas in aesthetic history, I demonstrate how Milton's Paradise Lost has affected other works afterward. In conclusion, I claim that the vision of Satan in Milton's Paradise Lost lies in the context of the heroic sublimity that is a part of Western aesthetics.

De-subjectification and Meaning of Faceless Other in The English Patient

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.2

This paper aims to explore Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient to find how modern subjectivity and modern art have proved to be exhaustible through modern history and modern art history by closely reading the novel with theoretical scaffoldings including Deleuze and Guattari's idea of nomadism and de-subjecitification and the contextualization between life and book. On the surface level, the novel adopts a detective/war plot but severely maimed face of the English patient, the protagonist, is the focal point in this novel inquiring what the meaning of this erased faciality is. In fact, the English patient's face, a metaphor of the corporeal book and the history, figuratively links to the geography and geology of the Western-centered fascism and resistance. The English patient at first chooses absolute deterritorialization but his nomadic journey fails as he becomes obsessed with possession of Katherine. Yet, the English patient's persistent efforts to disguise himself also opens a way of communication to heal not only his trauma but other characters'. Through these analysis and arguments, this paper intimates that de-subjectification through communicating Others via corporeal metaphor embodies true nomadism.

Race Out of Joint: (Im)possibility of Post-raciality

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.3

In this paper, I contend that post-raciality is a strategically- created ideological fantasy that blocks people from opening their eyes wide to behold the truth of the discursive network of such ideological state apparatuses as colonialism, gender, class, xenophobia, raciality, global capitalism, etc. The debates surrounding the possibility and accountability of post-Obama raciality, post-raciality, post-racial liberalism, or colorblindness have many discursive fronts. I examine a few of these fronts using several theorists’ contention over the meaning of post-raciality; and then, I discuss how problematic the post-racial discourses can be. Michel Foucault discusses how the state made use of racism to establish nationalism and national conflicts as an ironical strategy to keep national unity. Etienne Balibar argues for a ‘differential racism’ that applies traditional racial categorization and strategies of oppression to new immigrants or migrants. Omi and Winant maintain that the race has been formed by the racial state whose foundation itself is linked to the history of racism (racial dictatorship) and racial movement (racial democracy) that resist it. Paul Gilory points out the operation of the same bio-politics in the discourse of race, while he fully embraces the idea of post-raciality as the global racial reality. Yet, Gilroy’s audacious challenges against the significance of race in the postmodern culture sounds only partially legitimate. Reading through those theories, in this paper I argue that post-raciality is an ideological fantasy that hover over the dark racial reality where white supremacy and differential racism work.

The Machine and Garden in Almanac of the Dead

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.1

This paper aims for comparison of the origin of European American's ideologies as they appear in the writings of early European colonialists and the Native American's criticism about them in Leslie Marmon Silko’s Almanac of the Dead. To discuss the ideologies, I call them the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies. The terms were first used by Leo Marx in his The Machine in the Garden to criticize ideologies of American society from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries. In Almanac of the Dead, the ‘garden’ and ‘machine’ ideologies have become extreme individualism, racial discrimination and manipulative industrial capitalism, which result in tragedy for all the characters. However, these ideological apparatuses are imploded by three functions of the almanac that represents the power of Native American history. The almanac in Almanac of the Dead fulfills has three functions. First, it connects the small narratives and disrupts the Euro-American ideologies and discourses in terms of the ecological point of view. Second, the almanac reveals the minorities' lost identities. Third, the almanac symbolizes the solidarity which minorities must forge to destroy Euro-American manipulative colonialism.

벌거벗은 인간과 미국: 죠르지오 아감벤을 통해 본 9/11과 아부 그라이브

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2014 영어권문화연구 Vol.7 No.1

This paper explores paradoxical meanings of 9/11 terrorism and its consequences as well as torture of Iraqi POWs in Abu Ghraib in terms of biopolitics producing “homo sacers,” Agambenian term illuminating those who excluded from juridical order while subjugating to the law, and “state of exception,” in which law paradoxically imposes its influence to create unlawful places. As a theoretical scaffolding, this paper uses various concepts and ideas from Giorgio Agamben, a prominent Italian philosopher. This paper mainly consists of two sections: The first section mostly deals with how two state apparatuses―repressive and ideological apparatuses―operate to conceal Real of 9/11 terrorism and Abu Ghraib torture; The second section trace Agamben’s archeological research to critique Western biopolitics and its origin in order to reveal how bare life comes forth from caesura of bios, political life, and zoe, natural life, and how we can evade this pitfall of humanity by exploring form-of-life and its happiness.

폴 오스터의 『선셋 파크』에 나오는 버려진 사물과 신체들의 정동의 역학 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2020 영어권문화연구 Vol.13 No.1

This study purports to closely read and analyze Paul Auster’s Sunset Park mainly focusing on the function of affects among characters whose lives resonate with broken, abandoned things. As theoretical scaffoldings, this essay utilizes various theories related to affect and thing such as Stoicism, Deleuze’s reading of Spinozian idea of affect, Heidegger’s philosophical understanding of ontological mood and his theory of thing, Walter Benjamin’s philosophical speculation on history and melancholia, etc. The historical background of the novel reflects ‘sub-prime mortgage crisis’ in 2008 when young people got enraged for the corruption and the failure of American capitalism. Miles, the protagonist of the novel, goes through turmoil of growingup escaping from his guilt and middle-class life. Miles’s journey is saturated with ontological affects-homeliness and melancholia. Bing invites Miles to his seemingly utopian place at Sunset Park, an abandoned house where Bing live with Ellen and Alice illegally. This illegal occupation evokes each one’s hidden desire, which turns out to ‘affect’ all occupants in the house. Miles and Morris, Mile’s father, also find the way to restore communication realizing the stoic ethics of ‘amor fati’ and ‘seize the day.’ Yet all utopian dream of the occupants shatters as the police brutally suppress and arrest them. Miles, on the way to meet his father, decides not to run away any more and live in the present.

엔트로피에서 맥스웰의 도깨비로 : 토마스 핀천의 『제49호 품목의 경매』 속 닫힌 세계로서의 미국과 실존적 탈주 가능성 연구

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.1

This paper aims to find the meaning of closed society and possibility of Oedipa's existential escape in The Crying of Lot49 written by Thomas Pynchon. This paper first delves into factors of ‘Americaness’ as Pierce's inheritance―the military-industrial complex, cultural cynicism, media-dominating culture that dominated 1960s' America with the theoretical scaffoldings such as Jean Baudrillard's theories especially focusing on his ideas of simulation and hyperreality as the cultural illusion. This paper then traces Oedipa's quest to find a way to resist America as closed society where entropy becomes a dominant metaphor of its catastrophe through prying into Tristero which aims to insidiously rebel against totalitarian control of hegemonic Americaness. Yet Oedipa gets frustrated after finding out that Tristero is in fact a hidden apparatus of Pierce's inheritance. But Oedipa finally arrives at a third way to overcome nihilism brought about by her frustration by being awaken up to her own consciousness as outsider and finding meanings of existential choice and communication. This paper suggests that the opening ending of the novel can trigger bigger questions about the existential realm of humanity that the novel is seeking.

Teaching and Learning Ethico-ontology from Light in August in Globalized Pre-service Education

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

This paper explores and examines the meaning of teaching and learning through a critical recounting of my own experience teaching William Faulkner's novel, Light in August, to Korean pre-service graduate students from the English Education Department in order to test ethico-ontological pedagogy. Also, I try to propose students' differentiated perception and understanding of education contextualized with ethical inquiries of humanity and the political inquiries of social justice. Here, I claim that teaching literature opens and transcends students normal everyday experience to guide them, if painfully, to confront challenging ethical and political questions of education in the differential space created through imagination. William Faulkner's American South in the 1930s in Light in August presents a differential space that transcends Korean graduate students' experience upon which unfolds the shaky ground of humanity and meaning of social justice.

포스트 디아스포라 시대의 입양과 존재윤리

김대중 ( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2015 영어권문화연구 Vol.8 No.3

This paper aims to explore potentiality of a new theoretical territory―namely, ‘post-diaspora’ focusing on how ‘adoption,’ as a post-diasporic global phenomena, is represented in a Korean American adoptee novel, Lee, Marie Myung Ok’s Somebody’s Daughter. More specifically, this paper investigates adoptee’s narrative through theoretical lens of Giorgio Agamben’s ideas of ‘homo sacer’ and ‘the state of exception,’ Bio-politics, established upon global capitalism and post-marxist shift from production to reproduction, inclusively exclude human life through turning it into ‘bare life’--i.e. refugee, surrogate mothers, human organ trafficking, etc. As an example of those phenomena, Korean adoptee narrative in Somebody’s Daughter illuminate how those transnationally exported human subject turns into commodity and how the bi-racial adoptee of the novel, Sarah, comes to realize the true meaning of life through post-diasporic odyssey to find her hidden identity. In paralleled narrative of her birth mother, Kyung-Sook also shows how state of exception and bio-politics operate to turn both mother and daughter into homo sacer.

Meaning of Crossing Borderlines and Differential Movement in Chicana Literature

( Kim¸ Dae-joong ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2017 영어권문화연구 Vol.10 No.2

This paper aims to deliberately describe and critically review the genealogy of Chicana literature, especially novels, via Chicana theorists’ critical lens―Emma Perez’s ‘decolonial imagination’ and Chela Sandoval’s ‘Methodology of the Oppressed.’ Tracing Chicana literary history, I will first of all analyze a groundbreaking novel, Maria Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s Who Would Have Thought it?, which has been regarded as one of the groundbreaking major Chicana literary texts. In turn, I will analyze another historical Chicana literary and critical text, Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands/La Frontera utilizing Emma Perez’s theory. Through this analysis, I will probe deeply into the meaning of crossing imaginary, ideological and real borderlines across racism, colonialism, and sexism for Chicana writers. In the last section, I will interpret Norma Elia Cantu’s Canicula-Snapshots of a Girlhood with theoretical scaffolding of Chela Sandoval’s semiotic critique. The images and written texts in this experimental pseudo -memoir semiotically deconstruct ideologies of the U.S. where only white mythology dominates. After all, I envision a literary constellation where borders become emblem in which Chicana’s voices resonate with other ethnic women writers’ memories.