Motivating and inhibiting factors that affect faculty participation in distance education at Idaho State University

Lin, Hsiao-Ping Idaho State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to identify the motivating and inhibiting factors that affected faculty participation in distance education at Idaho State University. The population for this survey was the entire teaching faculty (N = 628) from all colleges and departments of Idaho State University. Of the 628 surveys sent to faculty, a total of 247 usable responses were received, representing a return rate of 39.33%. A series of ANOVAs determined whether or not the various groups differed in motivating and inhibiting factors. The Scheffe post-hoc test was used as a follow-up test to ANOVA to determine which means were significantly different. Two open-ended response items provided a forum for participants to describe motivating and inhibiting factors other than those listed in the survey questionnaire. The constant comparison method was used to analyze the written comments of respondents. The primary findings on motivating factors of this research showed that faculty members at Idaho State University were motivated to teach in distance education more by intrinsic rather than extrinsic reasons, but their motivation could be increased even more when university and administrative supervisors furnished institutional support to meet their instructional needs. The statistical results revealed that faculty members who were much more likely to be motivated to participate in distance education had one of the following characteristics: female, under the instructional contract status, instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, from the College of Health Professions, with a distance-learning experience, with an overall positive opinion regarding distance education, and willing to teach distance courses in the future. The major findings on inhibiting factors of this research showed that the greatest challenges for faculty members to participate in distance education were related to the reduced levels of interaction with students, heavier workload, time commitment, and the ability to maintain course quality. The statistical results revealed that faculty members who were much more likely to be inhibited to participate in distance education had one of the following characteristics: without any distance teaching experience, without an overall positive opinion regarding distance education, and unwilling to teach distance courses in the future.

Motivating and inhibiting factors that affect student participation in distance education at Idaho State University

Leu, Chin-Wuu Idaho State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to identify motivating and inhibiting factors that affected student participation in distance education at Idaho State University, and to examine if there were any statistically significant differences in motivating and inhibiting factors based on the selected demographic variables. Two types of distance education were investigated in this study: Online (asynchronous) and compressed video (synchronous) courses. The population of this study consisted of those students who took either online or compressed video courses in the early summer session, 2002, at Idaho State University. Forty-three online and 176 compressed video course students voluntarily responded to the surveys. The data analysis results using descriptive statistics indicated the extent to which participants agreed or disagreed with those factors listed in the surveys as motivating or inhibiting their participation in distance education. The rank and sample mean of each factor, which represented its degree of importance perceived by participants, were revealed in this study. The data analysis results using inferential statistics indicated there were some significant differences in those motivating and inhibiting factors based on several demographic variables, which might warrant further study. The different perceptions in motivating and inhibiting factors between two or more groups of a demographic variable could be distinguished by their ratings and group means. This study provided a systematic research procedure to investigate distance education. The conclusions and recommendations of this study could benefit students who will participate in distance education at Idaho State University.

An investigation of supervision, evaluation and professional development practices of school-based speech-language pathologists in Idaho

Sawyer, Peggy O'Neil University of Idaho 2007 해외공개박사

In Idaho, staffing speech-language pathologists in a school-based setting is challenging. With the requirements changing, more school districts are finding it difficult to fill the positions with highly qualified and/or certified SLPs. Research has shown that school-based SLPs are generally satisfied with their jobs in the schools, but there are some areas of dissatisfaction. One of these areas is the type and amount of supervision available for SLPs. This study was a mixed methods design investigating the supervision, evaluation and professional development opportunities of school-based speech-language pathologists in Idaho. The quantitative portion of the study consisted of a statewide survey mailed to all 207 school-based SLPs in Idaho. Results of the survey are shared. The qualitative portion of the research consisted of 9 interviews with building principals, special education administrators and SLPs from three varying sized school districts. Patterns evolved into four key themes: Professional Relationships, Professional Expectations, Professional Standards of Practice, and Professional Staffing Challenges. Results indicated SLPs were generally satisfied with the supervision, evaluation and professional development opportunities that were provided. Some areas for improvement were having a specific evaluation tool with criteria specifically designed for SLPs, more appropriate supervision, but not necessarily more supervision, and a strong desire for additional professional development opportunities. Recommendations for policy and practice are made in addition to the model evaluation tool developed as a result of the findings.

Evaluating private and public factors in shaping local economic development policy using a case study approach (Idaho)

Tingey, Blaine Timothy Idaho State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

The purpose of this study was to test whether a disconnect exists between business leaders and public policy makers using a case study of Pocatello, Idaho. There were three private sector representatives and three local elected officials that were interviewed to determine whether there were differences in policy approaches toward economic development. From the interviews a disconnect is occurring based on the emphasis of public officials promoting policies related to business/market factors rather than business/market and quality of life factors identified by the private sector representatives. Verification of the data was conducting by using triangulation methods of different data sources including peer debriefing, literature review and evaluation of public and organizational records of Pocatello. By evaluating data obtained within this specific city about economic development factors, generalizations were provided for future studies in other geographic areas.

The relationship between continuing education and quality of life of retirees in Pocatello-Chubbuck, Idaho

Chao, Su-Chuan Idaho State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This study examined the relationship between continuing education and quality of life of retirees in Pocatello-Chubbuck, Idaho. A convenience sample of 150 retired men and women age 65 or older was recruited to take part in the study. This study concluded that there were significant differences in quality of life (QOL) based on age; however, gender, educational level, and previous occupation differences were not significant. In addition, as to continuing education, there were significant differences based on age, educational level, and previous occupation. Gender difference was not significant. Subjects preferred informal continuing education more than formal. Formal continuing education did not significantly relate to QOL, but some types of informal continuing education and content areas of continuing education did. Some recommendations for educators, administrators at senior living facilities, and researchers are offered.

INFLUENCE OF ROOTSTOCK AND MICROSPRINKLER FERTIGATION ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS, TREE GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS, MINERAL PARTITIONING, AND FRUIT QUALITY IN 'FUJI' APPLE

전익조 University of Idaho 2000 해외박사

최근 들어, 후지 사과는 北美의 北西太平洋 地域뿐만 아니라 世界에 있어 중요한 栽培種이 되었다. 이러한 經濟的 重要性에도 불구하고, 후지 사과의 光合成과 生長 特性, 營養分析에 대한 자세한 硏究는 그리 많이 되어 있지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 本 硏究의 目的은 여러 臺木과 마이크로 스프링클러 관비에 의한 후지 사과나무의 광합성, 나무와 短果枝 생장 특성, 영양 분포, 및 과실 품질의 영향을 규명함에 있다. 본 實驗은 BC-2 후지 품종을 接穗로, Budgovski 9 (B 9), Malling 9 NAKBT337(M.9), Ottawa 3, Malling-Long Ashton 26 EMLA) 및 M.7 ELMA를 대목으로 사용하여 수행되었다. 圃場 실험은 1995년 Idaho주 Parma 연구소에 형성된 University of Idaho 소속 果樹園에서 수행되었다. 살수법 (마이크로 스프링클러 시스템)을 이용한 다섯가지 관비 처리는 다음과 같으며, 1) 22.4 ㎏ N/㏊, 2) 89.7 ㎏ N/㏊, 3) 89.7 ㎏ N 와 78.5 ㎏ N/㏊, 4) 156.9 ㎏ N 과 78.5 ㎏ K, 액상 질소 와 액상 칼리비료를 사용하였다. Ottawa 3 대목 위의 접수에서 나온 新葉이 다른 대목을 이용한 접수의 신엽보다 광합성률이 1998년 7월과 8월, 그리고 1999년에 상대적으로 높았으며, 1999년 6월에는 B.9 대목 위의 접수에서 나온 신엽의 광합성률이 다른 대목 위의 접수 신엽보다 13% 정도 낮았다. 대목에 따른 접수의 단과지잎의 광합성률을 거의 차이가 없었다. 1998년과 1999년 6월에 있어, 22.4 ㎏/㏊ 혹은156.9 ㎏/㏊의 액비 질소를 받은 나무의 신초 광합성률에 비해 현저히 낮았다. 또한 1998년에 22.4 ㎏/㏊의 액비 질소를 처리한 단과지 잎은 다른 관비 처리를 한 단과지 잎 보다 현저히 낮은 광합성률을 보여 주었다. 첨가된 액비 칼리는 신엽에 있어 광합성률, 기공 전도성, 내부 이산화탄소 농도, 호흡률을 낮추는 경향이 있었으나 그 유의 성은 검증도지 않았다. 신엽의 광합성률은 1999년 7월을 제외하고 항상 단과지 잎의 광합성률 보다 7월과 8월의 광합성률이 32%에서 57%까지 감소하였다. 이 실험의 결과를 의하면, 광합성률에 있어 Ottawa 3 대목을 이용한 후지접수가 다른 대목의 접수들에 비해 가장 좋은 광합성률을 나타냈다. 또한 광합성률에 있어 액비 질소의 량은 22.3 ㎏/㏊와 89.7 ㎏/㏊사이가 적정한 것으로 사료된다. M.7 ELMA 대목의 접수가 다른 대목을 이용한 접수에 비해 가장 큰 원줄기 주간 횡면적 (trunk cross-sectional area, TCA)과 원가지와 新梢가 제일 길었다. Bud.9 대목을 이용한 접수는 가장 작은 원줄기 주간횡면적과 가장 짧은 원가지와 신초를 형성하였다. Ottawa 3 대목을 이용한 접수는 상대적으로 果臺枝있는 단과지의 密度가 높은 반면, M.7 ELMA 대목의 접수는 그 밀도가 상대적으로 낮았다. Bud.9 대목을 이용한 접수의 과대지 없는 단과지의 밀도가 다른 대목을 이용한 접수에 비해 높았다. 꽃눈 밀도는 대목의 생장력에 비례하여 증가하였다. 두해에 걸쳐 M.7 ELMA대목을 이용한 접수의 꽃눈 분화는 Bud.9 또는 Ottawa 3 대목을 이용한 접수에 비해 늦었다. 89.7 ㎏의 질소를 처리한 나무는 22.4 ㎏의 질소를 처리한 나무에 비해 신초의 신장이 현저히 높았다. 다른 생장현상에 있어 관비처리는 큰 유의 성을 보이지 않았다. 1998년과 1999년에 걸쳐, Bud.9 대목의 접수 신엽과 단과지잎은 다른 대목의 접수 잎들에 비해 낮은 칼리와 높은 칼슘의 농도 나타냈으며, 과실의 칼슘 또한 다른 대목의 비해 높은 농도를 나타냈다. M.7 ELMA 대목을 이용한 접수의 신엽, 단과지잎, 및 과실의 칼리 함량은 다른 대목에 접수보다 높았다. M.26 ELMA 대목을 이용한 접수의 신엽과 꽃눈은 다른 대목을 이용한 접수에 비해 마그네슘의 함량이 높았다. Bud.9 대목을 이용한 접수는 M.26 ELMA와 M.7 ELMA을 이용한 접수에 비해 수확효율과 과실의 칼슘 그리고 아연의 함량이 훨씬 높은 유의 성을 보였다. 22.4 ㎏의 액체 질소 처리는 다른 관비 처리들에 비해 신엽, 단가지엽, 및 과실에 보다 낮은 질소함량과 보다 높은 칼리 함량을 나타냈다. 또한 이 처리는 보다 많은 질소 관비를 처리한 과실보다 좋은 과색을 나타냈다. 질소 관비처리에 첨가된 칼리 액비는 접수 조직의 영양 분포에 거의 영향이 없었다.

The geographic and ecological patterns of genetic variation of the Abies grandis-Abies concolor complex

Ott, Todd University of Idaho 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Abies grandis and Abies concolor occupy many of the forests of western North America and are of great ecological and economic importance to the region. Abies grandis is generally a seral component of mesic, low to mid elevation forests of the Pacific Northwest and the northern Rocky Mountains with a mild maritime climate. Abies concolor is generally a dominant tree of much more xeric, mid to high elevation forests of the central and southern Rocky Mountains with a few small populations in the mountains of northern Mexico. Although these taxa are regarded as ecologically, morphologically and genetically distinct in these regions, they form an expansive hybrid zone in between from the Transverse Range in southern California to the north-central Cascade Mountains of Washington State and the Mountains of north-central Idaho. Due to the complex geographic and ecological patterns of phenotypic and genetic variation of these populations, their description, identification, delineation and taxonomic treatment remain largely unresolved. In this study, molecular genetic and morphometric analysis are used to determine the paternal and maternal lineage and genetic composition of hybrid and pure populations across the entire geographic region. Additionally, analysis of GIS-based environmental data layers is used to assess the differences that characterize the environmental niche of pure and hybrid populations. These results should inform a more uniform taxonomic treatment and facilitate further genetic and ecological study of this complex.

Quantitative Trait Locus Mapping of Agronomic, Physiological, and End-use Quality Traits of Common Wheat (T. aestivum)

Zhang, Junli University of Idaho 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

Grain yield (GY) is always the first priority in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding; however, progress in improvement of this trait is hampered due to quantitative inheritance, low heritability, and confounding environmental effects. Thanks to the advancements of high throughput genotyping and phenotyping technologies, both molecular markers and physiological traits are now promising indirect selection tools in breeding for this trait and other traits. Besides grain yield, grain quality is another important respect in wheat breeding, and one of the quality traits is the Hagberg falling number (FN), which is commonly used in grain grading. The FN test has a genetic component but is also strongly influenced by environmental conditions during the reproductive growth stage, including excessive moisture, extreme temperature, and biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of the current studies was to identify potential genomic regions and molecular markers that influence GY, three important physiological traits (canopy temperature, CT; chlorophyll content index, CCI; flag leaf senescence, FLS) that could impact grain yield during heat and moisture stress, and FN by QTL mapping approaches. A winter wheat population of 159 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross of ID0444 and Rio Blanco were used to map QTL for GY, CT, CCI and FLS, and a total of 110 hard white spring (HWS) wheat accessions from the National Small Grain Collection (NSGC) were used in genome-wide association mapping of FN. GY was evaluated under three field conditions, rainfed, terminal drought (water stress applied after anthesis), and fully irrigated, with a total of six location-year environments. QTL mapping was conducted for main effect (G) of GY, and the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) effect of GY. A total of 17 QTL were associated with G and 13 QTL associated with GEI, and nine of 13 QTL for GEI were mapped in the flanking chromosomal regions of QTL for GEI. One QTL, Q.Gy.ui-1B.2 found on chromosome 1B, was associated with GY in all six individual environments. Significant QTL x environment interaction (QEI), QTL x QTL interaction (QQI) and QTL x QTL x environment (QQEI) were also identified. The present study showed that the QEI and QQI were as important as the QTL main effect of GY, and they should be taken into consideration in future QTL studies and marker-assisted selection (MAS). The three physiological traits, CT, CCI and FLS, which have been reported to be closely related to grain yield of wheat in diverse environments, were evaluated in two terminal drought and one rainfed environments in southeastern Idaho. Correlation results showed that CT and FLS were highly correlated with GY but the relationship between CCI and GY varied among the three environments. FLS was closely related to heading date (HD) and its effect on grain yield might be determined by HD in the RIL population used in the study. Stepwise multiple regression showed that CT and FLS could predict grain yield effectively and could be used as indirect selection criteria in wheat breeding. A total of 27 main effect QTL (M-QTL) were identified on 12 chromosomes, explaining 5 to 14% of phenotypic variation. Seven epistatic QTL (E-QTL) were identified for FLS and CCI and these could explain 9-25% of the phenotypic variation, but most of them did not have a main effect. Most of the QTL were reported for the first time. FN tests were conducted using grain flour samples from the 110 HWS wheat accessions grown in five environments. A total of 1,740 SNP markers were used to detect SNP-FN associations using both general linear model (GLM) and mixed linear model (MLM). A total of 13 QTL located in nine chromosomal regions were identified in both GLM and MLM approaches. These new QTL have the potential to increase the selection efficiency for wheat breeding, and can be further explored to identify candidate genes.

Genetics and breeding for resistance to common bacterial blight and white mold in common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris l

Viteri, Diego University of Idaho 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

Common bacterial blight (CBB) and white mold (WM) are important diseases in common bean. Identification of resistant genotypes and new genes/QTL are crucial for their control. The overall goals were to identify resistant genotypes for each disease, determine the genetics of WM resistance in A 195, identify new CBB resistance gene(s)/QTL in VAX 1, and determine the presence or absence of resistance QTL linked sequence characterized amplified region markers for both diseases. The specific objectives are given in each of the four chapters comprising this Doctoral Dissertation. Twenty three genotypes, 61 recombinant inbred lines from 'Othello'/VAX 1 and 100 from Othello/VAX 3 were evaluated against two Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli (the cause of CBB) strains in the greenhouse at University of Idaho, Kimberly in 2011 and 2012. Similarly, 31 genotypes were inoculated with ARS12D and ND710 Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (the cause of WM) isolates in the greenhouse in Idaho in 2012, and CO460 and NY133 isolates at Colorado State University, Fort Collins in 2013. Also, the parents and F1, F2, and F3 from Othello/A 195 and A 195/G 122 crosses were evaluated against ARS12D and ND710 isolates in the greenhouse in Idaho in 2011 and 2012. For CBB, the mean trifoliolate leaf score (4.8) was higher than the primary leaf score (2.5). The strain Xcp25 (5.2 trifoliolate) was more aggressive than ARX8AC (4.2 trifoliolate). RCS52-2, RCS53-3, and RCS63-5B with BC420 and SU91QTL, and 08SH840 with SAP6 and SU91 QTL were intermediate (3.5 to 6.2) to both bacterial strains. A novel QTL at Pv11.4 linkage group explained 13 to 23% phenotypic variance for resistance to ARX8AC and 26 to 51% to Xcp25 in leaves. Evaluations of WM at 28 days (Idaho) and 21 days (Colorado) post inoculation were optimum. Breeding line SE152-6 with pyramided resistance and WM2.2, WM7.1, and WM8.3 QTL was resistant (≤4) to all S. sclerotiorum isolates after three inoculations/plant. Two independent complementary dominant genes controlled resistance of WM in Othello/A 195 to each isolate; and a single dominant gene different from the WM2.2, WM7.1, and WM8.3 QTL controlled the resistance in A 195/ G122 to ND710 isolate.

Tech Prep: A study of high school career and technical students' preparation for college

Ball, John Fredrick, Jr Idaho State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This research compared the academic achievement of Tech Prep students to similar non-Tech Prep students attending Idaho State University College of Technology. Methodology replicated and expanded on a Sinclair Community College study that compared college placement test scores, college GPA, and success rates in first-year college mathematics and English courses for Tech Prep and non-Tech Prep students. Results found that college students who had been involved in high school Career and Technical Education programs with established Tech Prep agreements were better prepared to succeed in college. They earned a higher first-year mean GPA, they recorded higher COMPASS mathematics scores, and a significantly higher percentage of Tech Prep students qualified to begin college in non-remedial, for-credit English and math classes.