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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Pesch, Paulina Jo (검색결과 3 건)
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Pesch, Lawrence P Marquette University 2014 해외박사(DDOD)
This case study focuses on the way a neighborhood association connects schools to broad change in an urban neighborhood of a large Midwestern city. The first section provides a review of the literature on community involvement in school and neighborhood reform. It reviews the historical origins of the current school-community relationship, the reasons behind the movement to increase community involvement, the diversity of understandings about the nature of community participation, the processes used to improve the capacity of both the school and the community to act as effective partners, and the different programs organizations use to participate in the school improvement process. The second section is a qualitative case study on the programs and processes the neighborhood association uses to revitalize one of the poorest neighborhoods in the city. Believing strongly in the need to think holistically about neighborhood improvement, the neighborhood association engages a diversity of stakeholders in creating a comprehensive plan to address social and physical conditions. The plan encompasses the areas of academic achievement, housing, healthy eating, commercial development, crime, health and wellness, jobs, and family and youth. Local schools are active participants in creating the holistic plan for broad revitalization. The neighborhood association considers schools an on-going partner in carrying out initiatives tied to academic achievement. Building a higher level school-community relationship challenges historical traditions of school resistance to meaningful involvement with community groups working to improve schools. The study focuses on the way the neighborhood association works to connect two public schools to the academic achievement piece of the comprehensive neighborhood revitalization plan. This study finds high levels of school participation in the process of plan creation, but patterns of school behavior and current demands on time continue to be obstacles to on-going participation in neighborhood association-led change. The study also finds that neighborhood association-led initiatives in areas outside the four walls of the school have improved surrounding conditions, but these improvements have not yet significantly impacted the performance of neighborhood public schools.
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Haggerty, Kevin Pesch University of Washington 2011 해외박사(DDOD)
This dissertation examines family stressors during adolescence and stressors in young adulthood as contributors to substance use frequency at age 20. Included are the effects of a prevention program, Staying Connected with Your Teen(TM), delivered at eighth grade, on family stressors at age 14-16 and drug use frequency at age 20. Families (N=331) were randomly assigned to three conditions; group-administered (PA), self-administered with telephone support (SA), and no-treatment control (Haggerty, Skinner, MacKenzie, & Catalano, 2007). Five years later saliva was collected and salivary cortisol was assayed in 275 young adults (four times a day across 3 day)s in order to investigate Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis regulation as one biological mechanism linking stressors with substance use (Lovallo, 2006). An overall model was developed to examine latent and measured variables in two steps. Step one examined the impact of the interventions on substance use with family stressors as a potential mediator. Step two tested the full model that added young adult stressors, and waking cortisol levels as the biomarker of HPA regulation. Three findings were notable. First, Blacks had higher mean levels of stressors than Whites. Second, the interventions had mixed effects on family stressors and drug use frequency. The PA intervention had direct effects on reducing drug use frequency when family stressors and age 16 drug use were in the model for both Blacks and Whites. The SA intervention had a direct impact on family stressors for Whites, but not for Blacks, and the effect was mediated through early adult stressors at age 20. Third, lower waking cortisol level was associated with increased drug use frequency, and this association did not differ by race when controlling for family stressors, and earlier drug use. Though the level of stressors experienced by Blacks is greater than that experienced by Whites, the underlying biological mechanism is similar. These findings support the hypothesis that early adult stressors have a concurrent biological impact on cortisol levels are associated with drug use frequency (Lovallo 2006; Sinha & Uhl, 2008).The model explained 37% of the variance in drug use frequency for Whites and 34% for Blacks.
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