A Rule-based approach to variance analysis

Hollander, Anita Sawyer University Microfilms International 1988 국내박사

Expanding Coverage and Addressing Social Determinants of Health in Pennsylvania Medicaid

Hollander, Mara A. G. University of Pittsburgh ProQuest Dissertations & 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Medicaid is the state-federal health insurance program for low-income Americans. A recent expansion of the program made Medicaid available to 800,000 additional enrollees in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. This expansion of coverage means that more Pennsylvanians than ever before will have access to medical care. The expansion, while necessary, is not sufficient to ensure that low-income Pennsylvanians get the care they need. Social determinants – conditions under which people live, shaped by the distribution of resources – also impact access to care, and can contribute to racial disparities. After examining the Medicaid expansion in Pennsylvania, this dissertation explores the public health impact of several social determinants impacting Pennsylvania Medicaid enrollees.Chapter one is an assessment of the health care use of the Pennsylvania Medicaid expansion enrollment population, using group-based multi-trajectory modeling to jointly estimate six trajectories of ambulatory care and emergency department (ED) utilization in the first 12 months of enrollment. The heterogeneity we uncover may partially explain divergent research findings regarding how Medicaid expansion impacted use of the ED. Expansion states now have several years of experience with their Medicaid expansion populations and may be able to adopt our approach to identify subgroups who may benefit from interventions to improve access to ambulatory care and decrease ED use.Chapter two assesses changes in Medicaid expenditures and utilization associated with receiving Permanent Supportive Housing (PSH), which integrates non-time-limited housing with supportive services for people who are disabled and chronically homeless. Additional state expenditures to expand financing for PSH services may be partially offset by reductions in Medicaid spending when Medicaid enrollees are stably housed, and may shift treatment to outpatient as opposed to acute care settings.Black and Hispanic patients are significantly less likely than white patients to initiate and continue MOUD. In chapter three, we use data from the Allegheny County Department of Human Services Data Warehouse, which links administrative data from publicly administered health, human services and criminal justice systems, to explore whether this disparity is explained by contact with health and human services and criminal justice systems. We explain between 10% and 20% of the variation by race.

Lehmbruck in Duisburg : Eine rezeptionsgeschichtliche Studie

Hollander, Georg Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat 1995 국내석사

Universal Wellness Network: A Study of a Promising Practice

Hollander, Erik W ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Sout 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

Raising cane in the glades: Regional development and agroenvironmental conflict in south Florida

Hollander, Gail Marjorie The University of Iowa 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

The dissertation focuses on the development of the sugar industry in a portion of the historic Florida Everglades. The geographical focus is the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). The theoretical concern was to develop an approach to understanding processes of regional development that encompassed both the geographic dialectic of place, that is, the national, international, and inter-regional relations that shape and are shaped by processes in particular places, and the interior geography of place, that is, the built and non-built environment expressive of and constitutive of social, ecological relations. The research demonstrates that there was a discursive construction of place and a discourse of commodity boosterism that predated the material construction of the Florida sugar industry. These interrelated discourses—of commodity and of place—reveal the way in which the Everglades region—a twentieth century frontier—was articulated in processes of uneven regional development. Since the 1980s efforts to restore the Everglades ecosystem have focused on the EAA as the headwaters of the historic River of Grass. This restoration effort has generated resistance from the sugar industry and residents of the EAA. Fieldwork for the dissertation took place in the EAA from 1995 through 1996. 1 conducted extensive open-ended interviews with farmers, sugar industry representatives, and rural women activists in the EAA, and with professionals involved in the Everglades restoration process and a migrant worker advocate. In addition, I conducted a detailed analysis of primary historical documents, including sugar industry reports and publications, government documents, and United States Congressional records. A dynamic and interactive political process has begun to alter several aspects of the agroindustry and the agricultural community's role in relation to the environment. First, agronomic research on sugarcane is taking an agro-ecological approach to the issue of restoration. Second, the largest sugar company in Florida has initiated innovative green marketing strategies and new lines of organic products. Finally, the agricultural community is beginning to fund ecological research that is not directly related to sugarcane production.

Identity and discoursal elements: Three case studies of first-year writing students

Hollander, Pamela Weisenberg University of Massachusetts Amherst 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation examines, from a poststructural perspective, the writing of three first-year college students enrolled in the researcher's basic writing course, which was taught from a social constructivist perspective. The goal of this research is to gain a better understanding of how the course may have impacted the students' writing and their multiple and changing identities. Building on the idea that identity is formed through the use of language, the focus of this study is the discourses, and subject positions made available through these discourses, in students' writing. Interviews were used to identify discourses and subject positions contributing to the autobiographical selves (Ivanic, 1998) that students brought with them to the course and Critical Discourse Analysis was used to discover what discourses and subject positions were drawn on in students' writing. The degree to which the case study students' writing and identities were impacted by the social constructivist curriculum and course readings varied depending on how closely the discourses and subject positions they took up before the course matched those of the course. Specifically, Autoethnographic genre was found to encourage the use of Social Constructivist Discourse, raising the possibility that genre plays an important role in providing students with access to Social Constructivist Discourse and associated subject positions. Nonacademic discourses and subject positions were found in the students writing. Students' identities were found to be sites of competing, shifting discourses. This study implies that poststructuralist ideas are useful for theorizing about writing. The fact that there were multiple, competing discourses found in students' writing has implications for conceptualizing the first-year writing course as "dialectical" (Wall & Coles, 1991). Students may find other discourses more appealing than Social Constructivist Discourse because of their offer of comfort and optimism. The finding that students drew on subject positions and discourses they found in the course readings has implications for seeing readings as "sponsors" (Goldblatt, 1995; Herrington & Curtis, 2000), which give students authority to draw on particular discourses and subject positions.

Neurophysiological effects of cocaine abstinence

Hollander, Jonathan Alan The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

Cocaine addiction in humans is characterized by cycles of abstinence from drug-taking behavior and resumption of drug consumption (relapse). Numerous studies have implicated the brain 'reward' circuit, including the nucleus accumbens (Acb) and associated brain regions, in mediating drug-seeking behaviors. Using electrophysiological recording procedures in behaving rodents, we have shown that Acb neurons encode information about key aspects of goal-directed behaviors. Moreover, we have shown that cell firing in this region is sensitive to interruption (extinction) of response-reinforcement contingencies involving drug or natural rewards. To extend these findings to a more clinically relevant model, electrophysiological recording procedures were used here to determine the firing properties of Acb neurons following abstinence (i.e., experimenter-controlled removal of drug access) from cocaine self-administration. Experiments in Chapter 2 revealed that the percentage of Acb cells that encode cocaine-seeking behavior is dramatically increased during resumption of cocaine self-administration following 1-month cocaine abstinence. Extinction experiments in another set of rats revealed an increased motivational state for the drug following 1-month abstinence. Studies in Chapter 3 showed that these effects were also observed in animals that underwent extended (2-month) abstinence from cocaine self-administration. Since there were possible confounding variables such as increased age and extended time of microwire implantation for the 2-month group, appropriate controls were included in this experiment. The ability of cocaine-associated stimuli to elicit drug-seeking even after years of abstinence is problematic for addicts who wish to remain drug-free. In Chapter 4 we show that activation of Acb neurons by cocaine-associated stimuli was enhanced following 1-month cocaine abstinence regardless of contingency of cue presentation or cocaine availability. Taken together, our results show that 1- and 2-month abstinence from cocaine self-administration causes a dramatic increase in the number and strength of Acb neurons that encode cocaine-related information (Chapters 2 & 3), and that Acb neurons are more responsive to cocaine-associated cues following 1-month abstinence across multiple environmental contexts (Chapter 4). Overall, the present report highlights cellular changes in the Acb following cocaine abstinence that may represent one type of neuroadapation related to cocaine taking and abstinence from drug use underlying the inability of cocaine addicts to remain drug free.

Design and control of wearable robot actuators

Hollander, Kevin Wayne Arizona State University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

For a wearable assistance robot, the term "wearable" has special implications. These implications are that a wearable actuator must be lightweight, energy efficient/conservative and most importantly, safe. In contrast, a typical factory floor robot is none of these things. As an approach to developing energy conservative actuators, the concept of structure control is created. Structure control is an indirect method of mechanical actuation. Rather than using an actuator to drive a mechanical system into its desired behavior, structure control alters the natural response of the system. Manipulation of the passive mechanical parameters allows a system to respond as desired, passively. Proper use of this method can lead to the design of robust, energy conservative actuators. A Jack Spring(TM) is a new type of mechanical actuator, which is based upon the concept of structure control. An example Jack Spring mechanism is evaluated for ankle gait assistance. The Jack Spring actuator uses its inherent elastic nature to reduce both peak power and energy requirements for its motor. In the final example, peak power required of the motor for ankle gait is reduced from 247W to just 85W. In addition, energy requirements are reduced from nearly 51 Joules to just 26 Joules per step when compared to a simple motor/gearbox combination. Using this approach, an initial prototype is expected to provide 100% of the power and energy necessary for ankle gait in a compact 0.54kg package. This weight is 12 times less than predicted for a comparable motor/gearbox approach.

STRUCTURES OF SPACE AND SOCIETY IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY DUTCH INTERIOR (INTERIOR PAINTINGS, PICTORIAL SPACE, PAINTING)

HOLLANDER, MARTHA University of california 1990 해외박사

Cytokine Receptor Engineering for Mechanistic and Therapeutic Studies

Hollander, Michael Jacob ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Stanford Universit 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

The activity of immune cells is regulated by proteins on the cell surface called cytokine receptors. These proteins allow cells to grow in a controlled manner and to balance immunosuppressive and stimulatory activities. My dissertation has focused on engineering cytokine receptors to understand their function and to target cells of interest therapeutically. I first focused on the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R), both to engineer orthogonal activity for selective cell growth, and to determine how unique signals are transmitted when binding to interleukin-15 (IL-15) and IL-15 receptor (IL-15R) complexes. I then focused on the colony-stimulating factor 3 receptor (CSF3R) which controls the growth of neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cell. In healthy neutrophils, signaling is dependent on CSF3R binding to its ligand CSF3. A single amino acid mutation in CSF3R, T618I, instead allows for constitutive, ligand-independent cell growth and leads to a rare type of cancer called chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). We investigated if this mutated epitope could be targeted therapeutically, why this threonine to isoleucine substitution is the predominant mutation in CNL, and how it leads to uncontrolled neutrophil growth. Using a combination of mass spectrometry and protein engineering methods, we demonstrated that the single protein domain containing residue 618 is sufficient for ligand-independent activity and observed that the wild-type threonine is glycosylated, or modified by sugars, while isoleucine is not. Interestingly, the most enriched hits from an unbiased screen of random CSF3R mutations all remove potential glycosylation sites by replacing threonine, serine, or asparagine residues. We expanded this screen to related cytokine receptors to determine the frequency of such mutations. In sum, these engineering approaches highlight the function and therapeutic potential of cytokine receptors.