서유럽의 우파 포퓰리즘 = (The) Right-wing populism in Western Europe

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The literature on populism has long been plagued by difficulties in defining exactly what the term means. Although frequently used by authors, historians, the term is exceptionally vague and refers in different contexts to a variety of phenomena.
Populism, understood as an appeal to 'the people' against both the established structure of power and the dominant ideas and values. So populism has been a tool of progressive, of reactionaries, of democrats, of the left and the right.
During the past several years, right-wing populist parties have made impressive electoral gains in a growing number of West European countries. Their dramatic surge to political prominence has obscured the fact that these parties hardly form a homogeneous party group.
The French experience of right-wing populism is embodied in the success of the Front National(FNF), which has become a symbol for the far right in Europe generally. And another prominent figure of this is Jorg Haider in Austria. They are radical in their rejection of the established socio-cultural and socio-political system and their advocacy of individual achievement, a free market, and a drastic reduction of the role of the state. And they are right-wing; first, in their rejection of individual and social equality and or political projects that seek to achieve it; second, in their opposition to the social integration of marginalized groups; third, in their appeal to xenophobia.
Why is the right-wing successful in some established democratic countries and not in others? Most studies of right-wing parties in Western Europe agree that these parties have levels of immigrants and increases in unemployment throughout Europe. The variation in electoral support for right-wing parties in France and Austria is the focus of my dissertation.
My analysis indicates that economic crises (unemployment, immigrants in a country) and resentments, political alienations are related to the vote for the right-wing. And they are a reflection and expression of new political conflicts created by the transition to post-industrial capitalism.
At its root, populism, as a set of ideas, has a fundamental ambivalence about politics, especially representative politics. Politics is messy and corrupting, and involvement comes only under extreme circumstances. In this sense, populism seeks to avoid habitual their reluctance, populists engage in politics when they perceive crises.
While populism is a negative reaction to representative politics, it does have a more positive side. Populism tends to identify itself with an idealized version of its chosen people, and to locate them in a similarly idealized landscape.
So my conclusion will be that instead of being a symptom of 'backwardness' that might be outgrown, populism is a shadow cast by democracy itself.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = Ⅰ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 문제제기 = 1
• 제2절 기존 연구의 검토 ; 포퓰리즘 연구 = 4
• 제3절 연구 방법 및 구성 = 8
• 제2장 포퓰리즘의 개념 정의 = 12
• 제1절 포퓰리즘이란 무엇인가 = 12
• 제2절 포퓰리즘과 파시즘 = 22
• 제3절 유럽에서의 포퓰리즘 = 26
• 제3장 유럽에서 포퓰리즘의 등장배경 = 31
• 제1절 후기산업사회로의 이행과 사회의 분열 = 32
• 제2절 복지국가와 이주문제, 그리고 실업 = 36
• 제3절 정치적 소외와 기존 정당에 대한 불신 = 46
• 제4장 유럽에서의 우파 포퓰리즘 정당의 성장 = 50
• 제1절 프랑스의 국민전선(FNF) = 55
• 제2절 오스트리아의 자유당(FPO) = 62
• 제5장 결론 ; 요약 및 포퓰리즘 연구의 필요성 = 70
• 〈참고문헌〉 = 73
• 〈ABSTRACT〉 = 81