디즈니 애니메이션 텍스트 속에 재현된 남성환타지 연구 = Assumed that the male fantasy in disney animation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper attempts to define the male fantasy that underlies in Disney animation through the characteristics of its narration.
Many critics have been paying attention to the fact that Disney animation's plot is acting at the opposite side of the female dream of self-realization.
The heroines in individual texts <The Little Mermaid>, <Mulan> and <Pocahontas> appears that they are the images of independent women but they reach the conclusion that their desire for exploration and accomplishment they had felt at the beginning of the movie are sufficiently fulfilled through the process of being restricted to men's world.
In reality, many girls are fascinated and convinced by the exploration and the sense of freedom to accomplish it through the process of becoming a woman from a girl. However, Disney is implying that femininity is rewarded by being acknowledged by men and by being included in that society.
As mentioned above, through the scheme of subtly removing the real inherent femininity, it assumes that women's self-realization is no importance. What this paper has observed, together with Disney's point of view on women, is the chauvinism of white male system that underlies in Disney's animation.
The group which contrasts men's world that is symbolized by white male is described as the new world and the people who exist in that group are to take up the position of the white male's competitor. However, the competitors, together with the heroines, acknowledge the superiority of while male group and become appertained to the group. This is teaching us that if we keep silent and embrace the sacrifice, we can approach and shift to white male group. As these are contained within by Disney's elastic narration, they are difficult to recognize.
The female characters in Disney animation which this paper covers have a consistent common point. Although they were never forced to make a choice, they want to live a proxy life through a new male other than their father. They connive of their earlier desires, which had been full with adventurousness, and they choose to resign voluntarily. By covering them with an aura of new image of woman and active icon, Disney makes it look like their choice is perfectly voluntary.
This paper looks into the fact that the voluntary choice shown above is, in conclusion, is the revival of correct female image that male legend gave to women.
It is needless to say that as many feminists acknowledge the autonomy of women and spirit of independence is never an easy thing. In the society that is organized as a male world, women have feared to become the subject of language. Many women that enter the world of men are fighting against the dilemma of cultural expectations, where they have to give up either their pure desire or being appertained to men's world. If we understand the women in Disney animation in this context, they identify with women in reality.
However, Disney animation never mentions the real women's agony and complication, who are living in this culture. The description that makes it look like women who have acquired men's love is freed from all desires and guaranteed of happiness is spreading a wrong value on incorrect femininity and happiness of women. Women, when they come to choose marriage and give up other chances in their life, think that their marriage may fail and they suspect the possibility that they will become happy as the outcome of their marriage. Even so, because the conventional law that the society wants is so great and so addictive, they are pursuing the fight they might lose. Women are sufficiently aware of the harsh limitations of the society, which hinders their pure desire. Disney animation never questions this reality.
Also, it describes the groups that challenge the power of white male, as evil. Ursula, the witch in <The Little Mermaid>, is such an example but in fact, Ursula is an attractive character although she is evil. As I have looked into it this paper, she shows that mastery of language is possible for women too. From the view point that a woman cannot be a social subject as long as she does not master language, she is still described as a villain but she is a character who has acquired her own subjectivity. Nevertheless, Ursula's appearance calls for disapproval of young girl audience aesthetically. This setting is strong enough to make the girls have incorrect prejudice against women who were unable to enter the world of men.
Also, the character setting that suggests of natives, such as Sebastian and Flounder in <The Little Mermaid>, Mushu in <Mulan> and Miko and Fleet in <Pocahontas>, shows the political allegory that Disney animation implies is containing the cultural superiority of white male group dominantly.
As described above, this paper focuses on how the male fantasy revived in Disney animation text looks at and spreads the view on the femininity and the other world that is not a white male group.
Disney animation does not have the courage to entirely deny the atmosphere of a new woman being contracted and preferred by the change of awareness in the society yet. However, it reflects the double standard following the steps of male fantasy at the extent of accepting the changed atmosphere and making the nostalgia of femininity that men desire to feel.
This study assumed that the ideology in Disney animation is the meaning that is produced in the text itself and it also reflects the social and cultural context of America. The need to dismantle it and understand the hidden meaning comes from the cause that Disney animation is actively spread to young girls and boys.
It is needless to say that this study does not put its purpose on discussing the behavior of receiving end of the movies. Therefore, this study cannot explain how the ideology that is revived in the text is accommodated by the individual members.
The significance of this paper is in focusing on the fact that Disney's outlook on the world is reproducing American ideology and male chauvinism and suggest problems through the process of dismantling them. Together, this study discloses the vast ideology that Disney animation contains and thus suggests the reasons why Disney should be dealt and reviewed critically.
Through this process of study, I have come to realize that assignment that critical analysis on the pleasure and ideology that Disney's outlook on the world contains should not stop at movie critique.
Therefore, I hope that a following study on how the ideology in Disney animation signified in the individual point of view and how it affects people.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구방법 = 5
• Ⅱ. 디즈니 애니메이션 텍스트 분석 = 11
• 1. <인어공주> = 11
• 2. <뮬란> = 38
• 3. <포카혼타스> = 56
• 4. 디즈니 애니메이션 속의 악녀 = 76
• Ⅲ. 결론 및 제언 = 82
• 참고문헌 = 87
• ABSTRACT = 90