韓·美 軍事同盟體制에 관한 硏究 : 構造變化와 發展方案 摸索 = (A) Study on the ROK-US military alliance system

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is to study the ROK-US military alliance. In this paper, I place the focus on the analysis and evaluation of the role of the U.S. Forces in Korea which takes the initiative in the ROK-US military alliance and the ROK-US Combined Military Command System on the basis of the examination of the historical changes of the ROK-US relationship and the changes of the international relations after the end of the Cold War. In this study, I try to explore ways toward the advanced ROK-US military alliance in the future.
Especially, after the retrieval of Armistice Operational Control, the most important issue in the ROK-US Combined Military Command System is Korea's retrieval of the full autonomy in the military policy decision, that is, when Korea retrieves Wartime Operational Control.
This issue was brought up with the changes of internal and external circumstances. For the fifty years, the ROK-US alliance relationship has contributed to two countries' interests. Yet the ROK-US Alliance relationship needs to be adjusted to new circumstances - externally, the collapse of the USSR, the improvement of North Korea-US relations and North Korea-Japan relations, and, internally, the increase in the importance of omnidirectional diplomacy with the maintenance and advance of the Korea-US alliance relationship, the changes of Korean understanding of the US which was due to Korea's economic development and democratization, and the necessity of reappraisal of military countermeasure against North Korea.
In spite of the changes of the circumstances, the ROK-US alliance relationship in the future must be what contributes to Korea's self-defence capability, the stable reproduction of the role and function of the US forces in Korea and the new world's order and peace.
This paper consists of six chapters. In chapter II, I observed general theories of alliance including the general conditions for alliance formations, conflict factors, etc. On the basis of the alliance theories, I examined a general framework fox the analysis of military alliances. In chapter III, I analyzed the process of the ROK-US military alliance formation and its changes, the actual conditions of the ROK-US combined defence system and the US Forces in Korea. I also evaluated the ROK-US military alliance during the Cold War comprehensively. Chapter IV states conflict factors in the ROK-US alliance relationship which emerged after the Cold War. Additionally, the results of the analysis of the US policies and strategies toward the Korean Peninsula can be used to reduce the conflicts between Korea and the US and to advance the ROK-US Military Alliance System in the future. In chapter V, I suggested an alternative for the development of the ROK-US alliance relationship in the future. Some ideal-models and their mixed-models should be examined. After the comparative analysis of those models, I suggested a reasonable model. On the basis of that model, some constructive proposals for the development of the ROK-US alliance relationship was drawn.
The reasonable model for the ROK-US alliance presupposes that the alliance between Korea and the US is necessary for two countries' interests in the future just as it has been till now. It also adheres to the standpoint that Korean unification needs a strong US' stable support. The Korean unification can be affected by powerful countries such as the US, China, Japan and etc.
Some concrete propulsion schemes are required to realize that alliance model. When making a comparative analysis of the propulsion schemes for the development of the ROK-US military alliance relationship, We must consider as follows; whether it can guarantee the Korean security or not: Does Korea as an independent country secure the autonomy of military policy decision? What influences does the alliance have over the unification of Korea? Can the alliance help to keep the peace in the regions and the world? How is the cost of the defense allotted?
Through the comparative analysis of the propulsion schemes on the basis of the points to be considered above, I realize that the best propulsion scheme is that the goal of the alliance should be changed to the regional defense from the Korean Peninsula defense gradually.
In this paper, on the basis of that propulsion scheme as a framework for the development of the ROK-US military alliance, I stated the way toward reasonable settlement for the important issues between the ROK and the US such as the station of the US Forces in Korea, the ROK-US military command relation, and so on.
Even though it is necessary that the US Forces in Korea maintains its existence in Korea after the unification of the Korean Peninsula, the US Forces in Korea should transform its role for the Korean Peninsula defense into the role for the regional safety.
In order to play a leading role in South-North Korea relation and foreign relations for creating the unification circumstances, it is very important that the ROK retrieves the autonomy of military policy decision which the US Forces has till now. It had taken four years the ROK retrieved armistice operational control from the US since two countries discussed that issue. Thus I think it is not too early to discuss the issue of the retrieval of wartime operational control from now.
For the establishment of a reasonable model of the command system and the strategic cooperation system between the ROK and the US, I analyzed the command system of the US-Japan model, NATO model, and the US-allies model at the Gulf War. The results of my analysis show that 'the parallel strategic cooperation system', as a mixed-model of three above, is quite adequate for the ROK-US military command system in the future.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제I장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 문제제기 및 연구 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구범위, 방법 및 논문구성 = 10
• 제II장 동명관계의 이론과 분석틀 = 13
• 제1절 동맹에 관한 이론적 논의 = 13
• 제2절 동맹의 일반적 조건 = 17
• 제3절 동맹과 국제체제와의 관계 = 24
• 제4절 군사동맹의 분석 틀 = 27
• 제III장 한·미 군사동맹의 형성과 변천과정 = 34
• 제1절 동맹의 형성 = 34
• 제2절 미국의 대한국 안보 방위지원 = 41
• 1. 주한미군의 기능과 역할 = 41
• 2. 대한 안보지원 = 51
• 제3절 주한미군 주둔정책의 변천과정 = 55
• 제4절 한·미 연합방위체제의 출범과 발전 = 60
• 1. 한·미 연합방위체제의 결성 = 60
• 2. 한·미 연합방위체제의 실상 = 62
• 3. 한·미 군사협의체제 = 74
• 제5절 냉전시대 한·미 동맹관계의 평가 = 79
• 1. 긍정적인 측면 = 80
• 2. 부정적인 측면 = 82
• 제IV장 탈냉전기 한·미 군사동맹체제의 변화 = 89
• 제1절 냉전종식과 동아시아 전략환경의 변화 = 89
• 제2절 미국의 동아시아 및 대한반도 전략 = 94
• 제3절 한국의 안보구도와 대미정책 및 전략 = 107
• 제4절 한·미 군사동맹체제의 갈등현상 = 112
• 제V장 한·미 군사동맹체제의 발전방향 = 117
• 제1절 한·미 동맹체제의 발전 대안 = 118
• 1. 한·미 동맹관계의 발전 모델 = 119
• 2. 한·미 동맹관계 발전의 추진 방안 = 127
• 제2절 한·미 군사관계 주요 과제별 발전방향 = 142
• 1. 주한미군의 주둔문제 = 144
• 2. 한·미 군사지휘 관계 = 146
• 3. 기타 주요 현안 = 162
• 제VI장 결론 = 166
• 참고문헌 = 175
• ABSTRACT = 185