韓中政治關係現狀及展望

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the Second World War came to an end, the world entered the Cold War era with the United States as one pole and the Soviet Union as the other. In such a bipolar world dominated by the two superpowers, China and the Republic of Korea (ROK) had no choice but accept the reality of hostility. Not until the 1990s did such an unwilling and abnormal relationship terminate. The bipolar world structure that lasted for over 40 years ceased to exist as dramatic changes took place in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The Cold War ended, but the North-South confrontation on Korea Peninsular persists. It's a piece of land, and also the last piece of land, that bears the deepest brand of the Cold War. Nonetheless, the international political landscape is already very much different from what it was before the end of the Cold War. It was under such a climate that China and the Republic of Korea established official diplomatic relations in 1992 and brought the long years of separation to an end.
The relations between the two countries developed at an extraordinary rate after the normalization. However, due to the complication of the North-South relations as internal affairs within the same nation, the strategic geographical location of Korea Peninsular and the special relations that China has with the two Koreas, the improvement and development of the relations between China and ROK has direct impact on the balance of power and the political picture of that region. Therefore, the assessment of the current bilateral cooperative relationship and the planning for future moves between the two countries has a close bearing not only to the fundamental interests of both countries, but also to the peace and stability of the Peninsular and the entire Northeast Asia as a whole.
With the world political and economic order changing constantly, Northeast Asia is bound to be one of the strategic regions that are of great concern to entire world. The Republic of Korea and China happen to be two countries located in the center of that region. Therefore, a theoretical anatomy of the status quo of the political relations between the two countries, an analysis of the wide-ranging arrays of factors that influence the bilateral relations in the 21^(st) century and an objective projection of the future development of this relationship is not only of unique academic value, but also of profound realistic and historical significance.
Although the academic circles are giving much attention to the present and future of the China-ROK relationship from the political perspective, few in-depth and systematic research results so far have been presented, and opinions vary. In general, scholars in ROK are more interested in such topics as developing economic and trade relations with China (宋永佑, On the Relationship between ROK and China), China-ROK relations and the peaceful reunification of Korea Peninsular (金世雄, China's Foss Foreign Policy an Republic of Korea) and the history of the bilateral relations (宋炳基, A Study of the Modern History of the China-ROK Relations). Over the recent years, the Chinese academic circles have also achieved a number of valuable results that cover many areas. There are some systematic studies, as reflected in A General History of the China-ROK Relations (the writing group of general histories), The Contemporary China-ROK Relations (Liu Jinzhi) and A History of the China-ROK Relations (Song Chengyou). However, most of these papers are based on history and focus on the historical development of the relationship between the two countries.
In this paper, the author tries, by relating history to reality, combining macro-analyses with micro-analyses and incorporating theoretical analyses with empirical approach, to build on the existing achievements of the South Korean and Chinese academic. Basing on the studies of the formation and development of the contemporary China-ROK relations, the author presents some personal opinions on the future direction of the political relations between China and the Republic of Korea.
The thesis is composed of the Introduction, the main body and the Conclusion.
The Introduction summarizes the purpose and meaning of this research, emphasizes the strategic significance of the normalization of the political relations between China and the Republic of Korea to both countries, to Asia and to the world at large.
The main body consists of 5 chapters.
Chapter 1 reviews the historical relations between China and the Republic of Korea. It discusses the formation and development of the relations between China, the great empire, and Korea, a vassal state that sent envoys presenting tributes from time to time. It also reveals characteristics of such a relationship in different dynasties. It probes further into the evolution of the relations between the two countries against the background of changing world political environment. Furthermore, it demonstrates the 'lip-and-teeth' nat n of the geo-political ties between China and Korea as illustrated by the friendship forged between the two countries during the anti-Japanese War.
Chapter 2 discusses the political relations between China and ROK in the early years of the Cold War. It analyzes the formation of Yalta system and its impact upon world politics and the relations between China and ROK. It inquires the political influence of June 25^(th) War on the relations of the two countries and reveals the negative impacts of the China-ROK hostility on the two countries and their neighbors. By doing so, it gives yet other evidence to show the necessity and importance of the normalization of relations between the two countries.
Chapter 3 focuses on the political relations between China and the Republic of Korea in the late stage of the Cold War. The discussion is mainly focused on the political and diplomatic policies taken by the two countries in the 1970s and 80s when the international political environment and the diplomatic policies of various countries were undergoing new changes. It shows the new direction of the political relations between China and the Republic of Korea in the defrosting period by studying such events as the Hi-jack Incident, 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul and 1990 Asian Games in Beijing.
Chapter 4 approaches the end of the Cold War and the normalization of relations between China and the Republic of Korea. Taking into account the transfer of world political center in the post-Cold War era and the new political and diplomatic strategies adopted by the two countries, it reveals the internal and external conditions for the normalization of the relations and expounds the significance of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Republic of Korea.
Chapter 5 inquires into both the favorable and the restrictive conditions for the development of relations between China and the Republic of Korea in the 21^(st) century. It analyzes the Northeast Asia strategies taken by the United States, China, Russia and Japan respectively and examines in particular China's stand towards Korea Peninsular. It concludes that the decisive conditions for the development of relations between China and the Republic of Korea are the effective application of China and North Korea polices by South Korea, the triangle relations among China, the US and Japan and the cautious handling of the Taiwan issue. The thesis looks into the future relations of China and the Republic of Korea from a developing and constructive point of view.
The conclusion is designed to provoke thinking about a few theoretical questions that are closely related to the main topic of the thesis. These questions are: 1) the trend of international political pattern and the development of the China-ROK relationship; 2) ideologies and state-to-state relationship; 3) the relationship between hegemonism and national sovereignty.
This paper has exhausted the limited academic ability of the author. If there is anything in this article to be called innovative, it must be the four ideas that follow.
First, the relations between China and the Republic of Korea should be explored proceeding from the issue of world political order. It is known to all that a new international political order is taking shape after the collapse of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and the end of the Cold War that resulted. In that respect, we should take into consideration the trends of world politics and should be aware of the fact that China is becoming a world power.
Second, we should take into full consideration the neighboring influences affecting the relations of the two countries since China and the Republic of Korea are in the central area of Northeast Asia. The relations between the two countries have direct bearing on the interests of the United States, Russia Japan, North Korea and other neighboring countries. Thus, we should probe into the bilateral relations in a much broader picture of relations with all neighboring countries.
Third, the relations between the two countries have expanded from economic cooperation to diplomatic and political relations. At the same time, enough attention must be given to the long-lasting cultural traditions that are shared by both nations. The two countries shall promote cultural exchanges that go beyond their differences in ideologies and social systems and make due contributions to the progress of mankind.
Fourth, the bilateral relations are influenced by the following variables: the strategies of the U.S., China, Russia and Japan in Northeast Asia, ROK's attitude toward China and DPRK and ROK's policy and attitude toward Taiwan.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 緖論 = 1
• 第一章 韓中政治關系之歷史回顧 = 7
• 一, 古代韓中政治關系 = 7
• 二, 近代韓中政治關系 = 7
• 三, 現代早期韓中政治關系 = 7
• 第二章 冷戰初期的韓中政治關系 = 26
• 一, "雅爾塔" 格國的形成與冷戰的開始 = 26
• 二, 韓國戰爭的爆發及其影響 = 26
• 三, 對韓國戰爭的中國立場 = 26
• 第三章 冷戰后期韓中政治關系 = 42
• 一, 冷戰時期中國對韓半島的戰略 = 42
• 二, 影響韓中政治關係的幾点因素 = 42
• 三, 周邊國際政治關係的改善 = 42
• 四, 韓中政治關係的初步變化 = 42
• 第四章 冷戰結束與韓中關系正常化 = 63
• 一, 韓中關系走向正常化的有利因素 = 63
• 二, 韓中兩國的初步接觸 = 63
• 三, 韓國的北方外交 = 63
• 四, 中國的改革開放與務實的外交實踐 = 63
• 五, 韓中關係正常化及其意義 = 63
• 第五章 21世紀韓中關系發展的制約及有利因素 = 84
• 一, 國際格局的變化與東北亞局勢 = 84
• 二, 東北亞地區大國間關係 = 84
• 三, 兩國走向政治과伴關系的有利因素 = 84
• 四, 21世紀韓中政治關係之走向 = 84
• 結語 = 108
• 參考書目 = 109