낙관성 훈련이 초등학교 4학년 학생의 우울성향에 미치는 효과

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this research is to modify the optimism training of Seligman (1995) to be suitable for Koean grade 4 elementary school students, and to verify the effect of the training.
The hypotheses of this study were as follows;
1. Children who received optimism training will be more optimistic compared with the children who did not receive it.
2. The increased optimism of the children who received the optimism training will last at least more than one month.
3. The children who received the optimism training will have less depressive compared with the children who did not receive it.
4. The decreased depression of the children who received the optimism training will last more than one month.
The subjects were the 20 fourth grade students of elementary school in Busan Korean. The optimism training was practiced to the experimental group 14 times for seven weeks. Each meeting took about 50~80 minutes. Data were taken from experimental and control groups by the pre-test and post-test and collected data were analyzed by t-test.
The measuring tools used in this research were "The Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ)", developed by Seligman (1990) and translated by J. S. Park(2000), and "Center for Epidemiological Students-Depression Child (CES-DC)", developed by Weissman and Orvaschell (1980).
The results of this research are as follows:
1. The optimism training program is a program which effectively increases children's optimism. In other words, the children in the experiment group, remarkably improved optimism compared with the control group. Also, the effect of the program lasted for 4 weeks.
2. The optimism training program is a program, which effectively diminishes children's depression. In other words, the children of the experiment group, showed conspicuous decrease in depression. The effect of the program lasted for 4 weeks.
3. The improved optimism through the optimism training program, to some extent, is related to the decrease of depression. In other words, a spreading bad incident, which is a sub-element of optimistic tendency, showed a negative correlation with depression. The more positive the interpretative style of the incident was, the more depression decreased.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 서론 = 1
• A. 연구의 취지 = 1
• B. 연구 문제 = 3
• C. 연구 가설 = 3
• D. 용어의 정의 = 5
• E. 연구의 제한점 = 6
• II. 이론적 배경 = 7
• A. 낙관성 = 7
• B. 우울 = 13
• C. 선행연구 고찰 = 21
• III. 연구방법 및 절차 = 25
• A. 연구대상 = 25
• B. 연구 도구 = 25
• C. 실험 절차 = 28
• D. 실험 설계 = 29
• E. 자료처리 = 30
• IV. 연구 결과 및 논의 = 31
• A. 사전 비교 = 31
• B. 가설 1의 검증 = 33
• C. 가설 2의 검증 = 35
• D. 가설 3의 검증 = 37
• E. 가설 4의 검증 = 38
• F. 논의 = 40
• V. 결론 및 제언 = 43
• A. 결론 = 43
• B. 제언 = 43
• 참고문헌 = 45
• 영문요약 = 50
• <부록 1> = 52
• <부록 2> = 67
• <부록 3> = 103