생태관광자의 개인 특성에 따른 관광 활동참여와 만족에 관한 연구 = (A) Study on the Relationships of Ecotourist's Individual Characteristics, Tourism Activity Participation and Satisfaction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Ecotourism began to take off in the 1980s and has since become one of the fastest-growing segments of the global tourist industry. Also, It is regarded as one of the most important factors of the 21st Century. Many countries have developed ecotourism products in order to conserve their environment and to improve local residental economies. It is necessary for ecotourism planners and marketers to grasp ecotourists in light of psychographics as well as sociodemographics in oder to properly develop and market their destinations. Also, activity participation is one of the important product-related segmentation bases. The studies on activity participation provide tourism planners with a simplified and reduced grouping of activities thus enabling them to concentrate their efforts and develop appropriate products and facilities. Ecotourist satisfaction after the experience of activity participation is very important to make ecotourists revisit and have the intention to recommend them to others. But studies on ecotourists have been rare.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of ecotourist's characteristics(personality, tourism motivation, and environmental recognition) activity participation, and satisfaction. That is, they are ① to prove the differences in tourism motivation, environmental recognition, and activity participations across personality types; ② to prove the effect of motivation and environmental recognition on the activity participation; and ③to prove the effect of the activity participation on tourist satisfaction. To classify the personality types of ecotourists, Plog's personality model of allocentric, midcentric, and psychocentric was used. The tourism motivation scale for this study was based on Mill and Morrison's extended Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory and the existing studies of ecotourism motivation. To measure environmental recognition(attitude), the NEF scale developed by Dunlap and Van Liere was employed. In a questionnaire survey for the empirical analysis of this study, 378 ecotourists who visited Woopo wetland participated. Statistics methods such as cross table analysis, reliability test, factor analysis, multiple analysis of variance(MANOVA), and multiple regression analysis were applied and conducted. The findings indicated as follows:
First, personality types were classified as allocentric(21.7%), midcentric(53.2%), and psychocentric(25.1%).
Second, 6 factors(learning and sightseeing of nature, relaxation & escape, adventure & novelty seeking, self-actualization, warm relationship with others & outdoor activity, and family together) of tourism motivation, 3 factors (balance of nature, control of nature resources, and humankind's domination of nature) of environmental recognition, 3 factors(observing nature, sightseeing & health-related, and culture-related) of activity participation were identified after factor analysis.
Third, tourism motivation, environmental recognition, and activity participation exhibited significant differences by personality types.
Forth, the relationship between tourism motivation and activity participation was highly significant.
Fifth, the relationship between environmental recognition and activity participation was not so significant.
Sixth, activity participation significantly influenced tourist satisfaction.
According to the results, ecotourism planners and marketers should understand ecotourists in terms of their psychographics and activity participation as well as socioeconomics and demographics. And they should develop various programs in order for ecotourists to have experiences on nature, revisit them and recommend them to others.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 3
• 3. 연구의 방법, 범위 및 구성 = 4
• 1) 연구의 방법 = 4
• 2) 연구의 범위 = 5
• 3) 연구의 구성 = 5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 7
• 1. 생태관광 = 7
• 1) 생태관광의 정의 = 7
• 2) 생태관광의 특징 = 9
• 3) 생태관광자의 특성 = 10
• 4) 우포늪 개요 = 13
• 2. 관광자의 개인 특성 = 17
• 1) 퍼스낼리티 = 18
• 2) 관광동기 = 32
• 3) 환경인식 = 45
• 3. 관광활동 참여 = 55
• 1) 관광활동의 정의 = 55
• 2) 퍼스낼리티와 관광활동 참여 = 58
• 3) 관광활동 참여에 관한 선행연구 = 59
• 4. 관광자 만족 = 62
• 1) 만족의 개념 = 62
• 2) 관광자 만족의 측정 = 64
• 3) 만족에 관한 선행연구 = 67
• Ⅲ. 실증조사 = 71
• 1. 연구모형의 설계 및 가설의 설정 = 71
• 1) 연구모형의 설계 = 71
• 2) 가설 설정 = 73
• 2. 실증조사의 설계 = 79
• 1) 설문의 설계 = 79
• 2) 변수의 조작적 정의 = 80
• 3) 표본의 설계 = 81
• Ⅳ. 실증조사의 분석과 결과 = 82
• 1. 표본의 일반적 특성 = 82
• 2. 측정도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 = 84
• 1) 측정도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 = 84
• 2) 퍼스낼리티의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증 = 85
• 3) 관광동기의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증 = 85
• 4) 환경인식 요인에 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 = 85
• 5) 관광활동 참여에 관한 신뢰도와 타당도 검증 = 87
• 6) 관광만족에 관한 신뢰도와 타당도 = 87
• 3. 연구가설의 검증 = 89
• 1) 퍼스낼리티와 관광동기와 검증 = 89
• 2) 퍼스낼리티와 환경인식과의 관계 = 91
• 3) 퍼스낼리티와 관광활동 참여와의 관계 = 92
• 4) 관광동기와 관광활동 참여와의 관계 = 93
• 5) 환경인식과 관광활동 참여와의 관계 = 97
• 6) 관광활동 참여와 만족과의 관계 = 99
• Ⅴ. 결론 = 101
• 1. 연구결과의 요약 = 101
• 2. 연구결과의 시사점 = 103
• 1) 이론적 시사점 = 103
• 2) 관리론적 시사점 = 104
• 3. 연구의 한계 및 향후의 과제 = 105
• 참고문헌 = 107
• Abstract = 135
• 부록 : 설문지 = 137