Innovative Inheritance of the Memory of ＂Education for National Salvation＂ （教育救国）at The National Southwest Associated University : A Study of Narrative Construction, Cultural Interpretation, and Educational Efficacy in Virtual Reality Films = 국립 서남연합대학의 ‘교육구국’（教育救国） 기억에 대한 혁신적 계승: 가상현실 영화의 서사 구성, 문화 해석, 그리고 교육 효능 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

서남연합대학의 직접적 체험자들이 점차 세상을 떠남에 따라, 이들이 간직한 ‘교육구국’ 정신은 ‘교류 기억’에서 ‘문화 기억’으로 전환되는 과정에서 단절 위기에 직면하고 있다. 디지털 시대에 세대 간 격차를 극복하고 역사문화 기억을 효과적으로 전승하는 것은 시급한 시대적 과제가 되었다. 본 연구는 자체 제작한 대공 간 가상현실 영화 《서남연합대학·烽火弦歌》를 심층 사례로 삼 아, 디자인 에스노그래피와 질적 인터뷰를 결합한 방법론을 통해 VR 기술이 역사문화 기억 전승에 기여할 수 있는 실현 가능한 경로를 체계적으로 탐구하였다. 연구는 ‘서사 구성—문화 해석—교육 효능’의 3차원 분석 프레 임워크를 구축하였다. 서사 측면에서 본 논문은 VR 서사가 전 지적 시점에서 개인 미시 서사로 전환되는 양상을 밝히고, ‘공간 화된 서사, 게임화된 드라이브, 유도적 시청각 연출, 시공간 연속 성 통합, 체험자 동선 설계’ 등 대공간 VR 특유의 설계 원칙을 도출하였다. 문화 측면에서는 ‘상징 추출—인격화된 전환—장소 활성화’의 문화 기억 전환 모델을 제안하고, 창작 가상 캐릭터 ‘홍촉 정령’을 예로 들어 문일다의 ‘홍촉’ 이미지가 청소년이 감 지하고 상호작용할 수 있는 정신적 상징으로 어떻게 전환되었는 지를 설명하였다. 효능 측면에서는 35명의 교차 집단 응답자를 대상으로 한 프레임 분석 결과, 몰입형 재현이 체험자의 역사적 현장감과 정서적 공감을 유의미하게 향상시켰으며, 특히 ‘마지막 연설’ 장면이 핵심 정서적 닻 역할을 한 반면, 사용자들은 상호 작용 자율성과 서사 리듬에 대한 개선 기대도 표명하였다. 연구 결과, 네 가지 집단（청소년, 문화관광 종사자, 대학 교수, 역사 연구자）이 동일한 VR 체험에 대해 차별화된 해석을 보였 으며, 이는 혼합 수용자를 위한 VR 설계에 중요한 시사점을 제 공한다. 본 연구는 최종적으로 ‘서사—몰입—교육’ 3층 일체화 설 계 모델과 ‘연구—창작—교육—운영’ 4위 일체 폐쇄형 순환 모델 을 제시함으로써, 홍색 문화 및 역사 유산의 디지털 혁신에 이 론적 깊이와 실천적 효용성을 겸비한 참조 패러다임을 제공하였 다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

As the firsthand witnesses of the National Southwestern Associated University are gradually passing away, the spirit of “Education for National Salvation” embodied by the institution is facing a crisis of discontinuity in its transition from communicative memory to cultural memory. Bridging the intergenerational gap in the digital era and achieving effective transmission of historical and cultural memory has thus become an urgent challenge. Taking the self‑created large‑space virtual reality film Southwestern Associated University: War and Song as an in‑depth case, this study employs a combination of design ethnography and qualitative interviews to systematically explore feasible pathways for leveraging VR technology in the preservation and transmission of historical and cultural memory.
The research constructs a three‑dimensional analytical framework of “narrative construction – cultural interpretation – educational efficacy.” At the narrative level, the paper reveals a shift in VR storytelling from omniscient narration to individual micro‑narratives, and identifies design principles specific to large‑space VR, including spatialized narration, gamification‑driven interaction, guided audiovisual orchestration, spatiotemporal continuity coordination, and visitor flow design. At the cultural level, the study proposes a cultural memory translation model of “symbol extraction – personification‑based reinterpretation – field revitalization.” Taking the original virtual character “Red Candle Spirit” as an example, it illustrates how the “Red Candle” imagery from Wen Yiduo’s poetry is transformed into a perceptible and interactive spiritual totem for young audiences. At the efficacy level, framework analysis based on 35 respondents from diverse groups indicates that immersive reconstruction significantly enhances participants’ sense of historical presence and emotional resonance, with scenes such as the “Last Speech” serving as core emotional anchors, while users also expressed expectations for improved interactivity autonomy and narrative pacing.
The study finds that four groups—adolescents, cultural tourism practitioners, university teachers, and history researchers—exhibit differential interpretations of the same VR experience, providing important insights for the design of VR content intended for mixed audiences. Ultimately, this research proposes a three‑layer integrated design model of “narrative–immersion–education” and a four‑in‑one closed‑loop model of “research–creation–education–operation,” offering a reference paradigm with both theoretical depth and practical applicability for the digital innovation of red culture and historical heritage.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. Introduction 1
• 1. Research Background and Needs 1
• 2. Research Objectives and Questions 17
• 3. Definition of Terms 30
• Ⅱ. Theoretical Background 38
• 1. Virtual Reality and Immersive Narrative Theory 39
• 2. Cultural Memory Theory 53
• 3. Theory of Educational Effectiveness 66
• III. Development and Practice of VR Projects Domestically and Internationally 76
• 1. Western Creation Modes 77
• 2. Japanese and Korean Approaches 82
• 3. Domestic VR Cultural Creation Development Route 91
• 4. Comparative Synthesis 104
• 5. Current Development Status of China's VR Industry 110
• 6. Basic Information and Unique Advantages of This Project 116
• Ⅳ. The Spirit of the Southwest Associated University and Its Legacy in VR 124
• 1. Historical and Spiritual Significance of Southwest Associated University 125
• 2. The Value of the Educational Spirit of National Salvation at Southwest Associated University 151
• 3. The Spirit of Southwest Associated University in the Narrative Structure of the VR Film 154
• 4. Transforming Historical Events into VR: Process and Design Principles 175
• 5. Narrative Construction and Directorial Coordination 200
• 6. Cultural Interpretation and Symbolic Translation 211
• 7. Design Strategies for Maximizing Educational Outcomes 222
• 8. Optimization of the Integrated Design Model 230
• Ⅴ. Analysis of Users' Perceptions of Educational Effectiveness 234
• 1. Analytical Methods 235
• 2. Participants 236
• 3. Overall Experience 238
• 4. Scene Perception 239
• 5. Red Candle Elf: Guide and Symbol 241
• 6. Immersive Interaction 243
• 7. Historical Understanding and Perception 244
• 8. Spiritual Insights and Value Internalization 246
• 9. Improvement Suggestions and Design Directions 247
• 10. Summary of Findings 248
• Ⅵ. Discussion and Conclusion 250
• 1. Overview 250
• 2. Immersive Reconstruction and the Transmission of Cultural Memory 251
• 3. The Limitations of Embodiment, Immersion, and Linear Design 252
• 4. The Guiding Role of Symbolism in Translation 254
• 5. Stakeholder Perspectives on Educational VR 256
• 6. Design Insights 257
• 7. Research Contributions 259
• 8. Research Limitations 259
• 9. Future Research Directions 261
• References 264
• Abstract 271
• 附录一：访谈提纲 274
• 附录二：访谈数据编码主题框架表 276
• 致　谢 277