This study investigates the feasibility of ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation for aerospace composite structures using a dry-coupled wheel probe. Conventional through-transmission ultrasonic testing (TTU) commonly uses water as a couplant; howe...
This study investigates the feasibility of ultrasonic non-destructive evaluation for aerospace composite structures using a dry-coupled wheel probe. Conventional through-transmission ultrasonic testing (TTU) commonly uses water as a couplant; however, in honeycomb sandwich composites, this may increase the risk of moisture ingress and interfere with reliable defect identification. To address this limitation, a dry-coupled TTU approach is investigated as an alternative to conventional water-jet inspection.
The study has two main objectives. First, it examines whether a commercial dry-coupled wheel probe can be integrated into an automated C-scan system in terms of acoustic coupling, probe configuration, curved-surface adaptability, and process integration. Second, composite specimens representative of aerospace structures are fabricated and inspected with conventional wet ultrasonic systems to derive the minimum performance requirements for a future dry-coupled TTU system.
The test set consists of two solid laminate panels and one aluminum honeycomb sandwich panel containing embedded artificial defects of different sizes and depths. Immersion pulse-echo C-scan testing is used to verify the location and layer-wise distribution of the defects, while water-jet TTU C-scan serves as the baseline for evaluating defect detectability, signal characteristics, and coupling stability. Based on these results, preliminary performance criteria for a dry-coupled TTU system are derived in terms of defect detectability, signal-to-noise ratio, coupling stability, spatial resolution, and scan speed.
Although full quantitative validation using an actual dry-coupled TTU C-scan system remains a subject for future work, this study establishes an experimental framework and a practical design basis for the future implementation of dry-coupled wheel probe inspection in aerospace composite structures.