With the rapid development of digital trade and the platformeconomy, cross-border e-commerce has gradually moved beyond its roleas a supplementary form of traditional international trade. It has becomean important platform-based transaction mechanism ...
With the rapid development of digital trade and the platformeconomy, cross-border e-commerce has gradually moved beyond its roleas a supplementary form of traditional international trade. It has becomean important platform-based transaction mechanism that connects firms,consumers, payment systems, logistics networks, customs procedures,and after-sales services. China and South Korea are both located inEast Asia and have relatively mature e-commerce infrastructures.However, the development paths and operational logics of theircross-border e-commerce platforms differ considerably. Based on thisbackground, this study selects Tmall Global, a Chinese cross-borderimport e-commerce platform, and Coupang’s overseas direct purchaseservice, embedded within a Korean comprehensive e-commerce platform,as the research objects. From the perspective of platform economytheory, this study analyzes the operational mechanisms of the two typesof platforms in terms of payment methods, logistics systems, andafter-sales services. It further discusses the applicability and limitations of existing platform economy theory in explaining cross-bordere-commerce platforms.
This study adopts literature review, comparative analysis, and casestudy methods. First, it reviews the concepts of cross-bordere-commerce, two-sided market theory, multi-sided platform theory, andrelated studies on the platform economy in order to establish thetheoretical foundation of the analysis. Second, based on the developmentbackground of major Chinese and Korean e-commerce platforms, itexplains the representativeness of Tmall Global and Coupang’s overseasdirect purchase service as comparative cases. Finally, it compares theoperational mechanisms of the two types of platforms from the threedimensions of payment methods, logistics systems, and after-salesservices, and discusses the relationship between platform economytheory and the operational practice of cross-border e-commerce.
The findings show that although Tmall Global and Coupang’soverseas direct purchase service both function to connect overseasproducts with domestic consumers, their platform types and operationallogics are not the same. Tmall Global can be summarized as an‘institution-embedded specialized cross-border import platform.’ Itspayment, logistics, and after-sales service mechanisms are closelyrelated to China’s cross-border e-commerce retail import system,bonded or direct-purchase logistics, localized payment system, andplatform rules. In contrast, Coupang’s overseas direct purchase servicecan be summarized as a ‘scenario-embedded overseas direct purchaseservice within a comprehensive platform.’ Its main characteristic is thatit embeds overseas product purchases within the Coupang platformenvironment familiar to Korean consumers, thereby reducing theoperational burden of cross-border shopping through existing paymententrances, platform interfaces, and service scenarios. Furthermore,payment is not merely a payment tool, but an entry point that connectsorder, identity, customs clearance, and tax information. Logistics is not merely a delivery service, but a mechanism for platform fulfillmentgovernance and cross-border transaction risk coordination. After-salesservice is also not an auxiliary function after the transaction, but amechanism for explaining platform responsibility and maintainingconsumer trust.
This study argues that existing two-sided market theory canexplain the basic function of platforms in connecting sellers andconsumers, but it is limited in fully explaining the continuousrelationship among payment, logistics, customs clearance, andafter-sales services in cross-border e-commerce. Multi-sided platformtheory also emphasizes that platforms connect multiple participatingactors, but it still lacks sufficient explanation of how specific operationalstages are organized into a continuous transaction process. Based onthe comparison between Tmall Global and Coupang’s overseas directpurchase service, this study proposes the analytical perspective of‘cross-border transaction process organizing capability.’ This perspectivesuggests that the core capability of cross-border e-commerce platformslies not only in connecting different user groups, but also in organizingpayment, logistics, customs clearance, and after-sales services into acontinuous, understandable, and executable transaction process. In thisrespect, this study provides a new analytical framework for comparativeresearch on Chinese and Korean cross-border e-commerce platformsand discusses the applicability and theoretical supplementation ofplatform economy theory in the context of cross-border e-commerce.