This thesis critically examines Martha C. Nussbaum's account of disgust, focusing on two claims: that the core cognitive content of disgust lies in the rejection of human animality and mortality, and that disgust is an inherently irrational emotion.
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This thesis critically examines Martha C. Nussbaum's account of disgust, focusing on two claims: that the core cognitive content of disgust lies in the rejection of human animality and mortality, and that disgust is an inherently irrational emotion.
Drawing on the works of Rozin, Douglas, Becker, and Miller, Nussbaum argues that disgust responds to reminders of our animal nature and finitude, and that, through the projection of animality onto others, it serves as a mechanism of dehumanization and social subordination. This thesis raises three objections: first, Nussbaum's derivation of animality and mortality from the contamination literature involves a significant interpretive leap; second, her framework fails to account for the full range of disgust phenomena, such as disgust toward insects or the developmental process of toilet training; and third, some cases are better explained without reference to animality and mortality at all.
As an alternative, this thesis proposes "vulnerability"—the felt sense that one's boundaries may be breached and that external stimuli may pose a threat—as a more fundamental ground for disgust. From this perspective, disgust is a preemptive, protective emotion responding to perceived possibilities of damage, with animality and mortality repositioned as merely one of several pathways of its expression. This argument is supported by Lantermannn's analysis of anxiety, which
accounts for structural disgust such as xenophobia without recourse to Nussbaum's framework. Unlike existing vulnerability studies that treat vulnerability as an ethical or political relationship, this thesis uniquely positions it as an intrinsic cognitive component of disgust itself.
Finally, this thesis challenges the binary opposition between rational indignation and irrational disgust. On Nussbaum's own cognitivist premise, the rationality of an emotion should be assessed not by its category but by the specific judgment through which it arises. Ultimately, by showing that disgust is not inherently irrational, this thesis undermines Nussbaum's legal-philosophical project of completely excluding disgust from public and legal judgments, arguing instead for a contextual and case-by-case evaluation of the emotion.
Keywords: disgust, Nussbaum, animality, mortality, vulnerability,
cognitivism, emotion