베트남 대학생의 비혼 의도에 미치는 요인 분석 연구 : 호치민 시 거주 대학생을 대상으로 = An Analysis of Factors Influencing Non-Marriage Intentions among Vietnamese University Students: Focusing on University Students Residing in Ho Chi Minh City

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Abstract
This study aims to examine the factors influencing non-marriage
intention among Vietnamese university students by applying an extended
Theory of Planned Behavior （TPB） model. In recent years, declining
marriage rates and the increasing prevalence of non-marriage have
emerged as significant social issues across many Asian countries,
particularly among young adults. While the Theory of Planned Behavior has
been widely used to explain behavioral intentions, its three core constructs
—attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control—are
insufficient to fully capture the economic, social, and cultural changes
influencing non-marriage intention in contemporary Vietnamese society.
Therefore, this study extends the TPB framework by incorporating five
exogenous variables: economic and financial pressure, career priority and
personal development, negative marital experiences, concerns about gender
inequality, and value change. In addition, the study examines the mediating
role of attitudes toward single life in the relationships between these
factors and non-marriage intention.
Data were collected from university students in Ho Chi Minh City,
Vietnam. Of the 406 questionnaires returned, 297 valid responses were
retained for analysis after excluding incomplete and invalid questionnaires.
All research constructs were measured using a five-point Likert scale
adapted from validated instruments in previous studies. Data were analyzed
using SmartPLS 3.0 through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation
Modeling （PLS-SEM）. The reliability and validity of the measurement model
were assessed using factor loadings, Cronbach's alpha, Composite
Reliability （CR）, Average Variance Extracted （AVE）, and discriminant
validity. The proposed hypotheses were tested using the bootstrapping
procedure.
The findings indicate that attitudes toward single life have a significant
positive effect on non-marriage intention. Among the exogenous variables,
economic and financial pressure exerts the strongest direct effect on
non-marriage intention and also influences non-marriage intention
indirectly through attitudes toward single life. Negative marital experiences
also have a significant positive effect on non-marriage intention, whereas
value change affects non-marriage intention indirectly through attitudes
toward single life. Furthermore, concerns about gender inequality positively
influence attitudes toward single life. In contrast, career priority and
personal development do not show a statistically significant effect within
the proposed research model.
The results demonstrate that non-marriage intention among Vietnamese
university students is influenced not only by individual psychological
factors but also by broader transformations in economic conditions, social
structures, family values, and gender perceptions in contemporary society.
This study extends the explanatory power of the Theory of Planned
Behavior in the context of marriage-related decision-making in developing
countries and provides empirical evidence for understanding the
determinants of non-marriage intention among Vietnamese young adults.
The findings also offer practical implications for policymakers in
developing policies that support young people, families, and population
development by improving quality of life and creating conditions that
enable young adults to choose marriage based on equality, stability, and
long-term sustainability.
Keywords: Non-marriage intention, Vietnamese university students, attitudes
toward single life, economic and financial pressure, gender inequality,
value change

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 1
• 1. 연구 배경 및 필요성 1
• 2. 연구 목적 4
• 3. 연구 문제 6
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
• 1. 베트남 결혼·가족문화의 특성과 변화 8
• 1.1 전통적 베트남 결혼·가족문화의 특성 8
• 1.2 베트남 지역별 결혼·가족문화의 유형화 10
• 1.3 도시와 농촌 간 결혼·가족문화의 차이 16
• 1.4 베트남 결혼·가족문화의 변화 22
• 1.5 베트남 결혼 및 가족 연구의 흐름 27
• 2. 비혼의 정의 및 국제적 현상 29
• 2.1 비혼의 정의 29
• 2.2 서구 사회의 비혼 현상 31
• 2.3 한국 사회의 비혼 현상 36
• 2.4 베트남 사회의 비혼 현상 39
• 3. 계획된 행동이론 40
• 3.1 계획된 행동 이론의 정의 41
• 3.2 행동 의도 44
• 3.3 행동에 대한 태도 45
• 3.4 주관적 규범 46
• 3.5 지각된 행동 통제 47
• 3.6 확장된 TPB 모형의 적용 49
• 4. 선행연구 고찰 51
• 4.1 경제적·재정적 요인과 비혼 태도 51
• 4.2 경력 우선 및 개인 발전 지향과 비혼 태도 53
• 4.3 결혼에 대한 부정적 경험과 비혼 태도 56
• 4.4 성 불평등 인식과 비혼 태도 59
• 4.5 가치관 변화와 비혼 태도 61
• 4.6 비혼 태도와 비혼 의도 63
• 4.7 비혼 태도의 매개효과 65
• III. 연구 방법 69
• 1. 연구 대상 및 자료수집 69
• 2. 연구모형 및 연구가설 71
• 2.1 연구모형 71
• 2.2 연구가설 74
• 3. 측정 도구 76
• 3.1 측정 도구의 구성 76
• 3.2 일반적 특성 측정 80
• 3.3 독립변수 측정 80
• 3.4 매개변수 측정 82
• 3.5 종속변수 측정 83
• 3.6 측정도구의 타당성 및 신뢰성 검토 83
• 4. 자료 분석 84
• IV. 연구 결과 87
• 1. 기술통계 87
• 1.1 연구참여자의 인구통계학적 특성 87
• 1.2 변수의 평균값 분석 90
• 2. 측정모형 검증 97
• 2.1 관측변수의 외부적재치 98
• 2.2 신뢰도 및 수렴타당도 평가 103
• 2.3 판별타당도 105
• 3. 구조모형 적합도 검증 108
• 3.1 PLS-SEM 모형에서의 다중공선성 분석 108
• 3.2 조정된 R² 분석 110
• 3.3 f² 값에 따른 효과 크기 평가 111
• 3.4 직접효과의 유의성 평가 114
• 3.5 간접효과의 유의성 평가 118
• 3.6 가설 검증 120
• 4. 논의 130
• V. 결론 135
• 1. 요약 135
• 2. 제언 138
• 참고문헌 142
• 부록 153
• 부록 1: 한국어 설문지 153
• 부록 2 : 베트남어 설문지 159
• Abstract 166