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    프랜차이즈 가맹점의 경영성과에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구: 제도적 동형화 이론을 중심으로

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17567808

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    This study aims to examine the process through which franchise outlet performance is formed from the perspective of new institutional theory. The franchise industry operates based on standardized systems established by the franchisor, including operational manuals, service standards, training programs, and evaluation systems. However, despite sharing the same institutional environment and standardized operating procedures, significant performance differences remain across franchise outlets. This suggests that outlet performance cannot be sufficiently explained solely by the existence of institutional arrangements or the level of compliance. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of institutional isomorphism on customer orientation and performance. In addition, the mediating roles of customer orientation and nonfinancial performance, as well as the moderating role of personal innovativeness, were examined.
    Institutional isomorphism was categorized into coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism, whereas performance was divided into nonfinancial and financial performance. Customer orientation was specified as a mediating variable linking institutional isomorphism to performance outcomes, while personal innovativeness was incorporated as a moderating variable in the relationship between institutional isomorphism and customer orientation. Empirical data were collected through a survey of franchise owners in South Korea, and a total of 203 valid responses were used for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using jamovi version 2.7, including reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. In addition, focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted to supplement and contextualize the quantitative findings.
    The findings are summarized as follows. Coercive and mimetic isomorphism were found to positively influence nonfinancial performance, whereas normative isomorphism showed no significant effect. In terms of financial performance, only mimetic isomorphism demonstrated a significant positive relationship. In contrast, coercive and normative isomorphism did not show statistically significant relationships with financial performance. All three types of institutional isomorphism—coercive, mimetic, and normative—positively affected customer orientation, with normative isomorphism exerting the strongest influence among the three dimensions.
    Customer orientation positively affected both nonfinancial and financial performance, while nonfinancial performance also positively influenced financial performance. Furthermore, customer orientation mediated the relationship between institutional isomorphism and nonfinancial performance, and nonfinancial performance mediated the relationship between customer orientation and financial performance. In addition, customer orientation and nonfinancial performance jointly constituted a sequential mediation mechanism in the relationship between institutional isomorphism and financial performance.
    Regarding the moderating effects, personal innovativeness significantly moderated the relationships between coercive isomorphism and customer orientation, as well as between mimetic isomorphism and customer orientation. However, no significant moderating effect was identified in the relationship between normative isomorphism and customer orientation.
    Overall, the findings confirm that structural relationships exist among institutional isomorphism, customer orientation, nonfinancial performance, and financial performance, and that personal innovativeness functions as a moderator in selected pathways. This study contributes to the literature by applying institutional isomorphism theory to the franchise outlet level and empirically validating the structural relationships among key variables. It further extends the explanatory power of performance formation by identifying a sequential mediation mechanism involving customer orientation and nonfinancial performance. In addition, by incorporating personal innovativeness, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the interaction between institutional pressures and individual-level characteristics within franchise outlet operations.

    Keywords: Franchise, Institutional Isomorphism, Coercive Isomorphism, Mimetic Isomorphism, Normative Isomorphism, Customer Orientation, Personal Innovativeness, Nonfinancial Performance, Financial Performance
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    This study aims to examine the process through which franchise outlet performance is formed from the perspective of new institutional theory. The franchise industry operates based on standardized systems established by the franchisor, including operat...

    This study aims to examine the process through which franchise outlet performance is formed from the perspective of new institutional theory. The franchise industry operates based on standardized systems established by the franchisor, including operational manuals, service standards, training programs, and evaluation systems. However, despite sharing the same institutional environment and standardized operating procedures, significant performance differences remain across franchise outlets. This suggests that outlet performance cannot be sufficiently explained solely by the existence of institutional arrangements or the level of compliance. Accordingly, this study investigates the effects of institutional isomorphism on customer orientation and performance. In addition, the mediating roles of customer orientation and nonfinancial performance, as well as the moderating role of personal innovativeness, were examined.
    Institutional isomorphism was categorized into coercive, mimetic, and normative isomorphism, whereas performance was divided into nonfinancial and financial performance. Customer orientation was specified as a mediating variable linking institutional isomorphism to performance outcomes, while personal innovativeness was incorporated as a moderating variable in the relationship between institutional isomorphism and customer orientation. Empirical data were collected through a survey of franchise owners in South Korea, and a total of 203 valid responses were used for analysis. Data analysis was conducted using jamovi version 2.7, including reliability analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. In addition, focus group interviews (FGIs) were conducted to supplement and contextualize the quantitative findings.
    The findings are summarized as follows. Coercive and mimetic isomorphism were found to positively influence nonfinancial performance, whereas normative isomorphism showed no significant effect. In terms of financial performance, only mimetic isomorphism demonstrated a significant positive relationship. In contrast, coercive and normative isomorphism did not show statistically significant relationships with financial performance. All three types of institutional isomorphism—coercive, mimetic, and normative—positively affected customer orientation, with normative isomorphism exerting the strongest influence among the three dimensions.
    Customer orientation positively affected both nonfinancial and financial performance, while nonfinancial performance also positively influenced financial performance. Furthermore, customer orientation mediated the relationship between institutional isomorphism and nonfinancial performance, and nonfinancial performance mediated the relationship between customer orientation and financial performance. In addition, customer orientation and nonfinancial performance jointly constituted a sequential mediation mechanism in the relationship between institutional isomorphism and financial performance.
    Regarding the moderating effects, personal innovativeness significantly moderated the relationships between coercive isomorphism and customer orientation, as well as between mimetic isomorphism and customer orientation. However, no significant moderating effect was identified in the relationship between normative isomorphism and customer orientation.
    Overall, the findings confirm that structural relationships exist among institutional isomorphism, customer orientation, nonfinancial performance, and financial performance, and that personal innovativeness functions as a moderator in selected pathways. This study contributes to the literature by applying institutional isomorphism theory to the franchise outlet level and empirically validating the structural relationships among key variables. It further extends the explanatory power of performance formation by identifying a sequential mediation mechanism involving customer orientation and nonfinancial performance. In addition, by incorporating personal innovativeness, this study provides empirical evidence regarding the interaction between institutional pressures and individual-level characteristics within franchise outlet operations.

    Keywords: Franchise, Institutional Isomorphism, Coercive Isomorphism, Mimetic Isomorphism, Normative Isomorphism, Customer Orientation, Personal Innovativeness, Nonfinancial Performance, Financial Performance

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서론 1
    • 제1절 연구배경 및 목적 1
    • 1. 연구배경 1
    • 2. 연구목적 5
    • 제2절 연구범위 및 구성 8
    • 제1장 서론 1
    • 제1절 연구배경 및 목적 1
    • 1. 연구배경 1
    • 2. 연구목적 5
    • 제2절 연구범위 및 구성 8
    • 1. 연구범위 8
    • 2. 논문의 구성 10
    • 제2장 이론적 배경 13
    • 제1절 프랜차이즈 13
    • 1. 프랜차이즈의 개념과 유형 13
    • 2. 프랜차이즈 산업의 발전과 특성 22
    • 3. 프랜차이즈 시스템의 구조 29
    • 제2절 신제도주의와 제도적 동형화 32
    • 1. 신제도주의 주요 관점 32
    • 2. 제도적 동형화의 개념과 유형 41
    • 1) 제도적 동형화의 개념과 이론적 의의 41
    • 2) 제도적 동형화의 유형 45
    • 3. 제도적 동형화와 프랜차이즈 산업 52
    • 제3절 고객지향성 58
    • 1. 고객지향성의 개념 및 구성요소 58
    • 2. 고객지향성과 제도적 동형화의 관계 66
    • 3. 고객지향성과 경영성과의 관계 68
    • 제4절 개인 혁신성 73
    • 1. 개인 혁신성의 개념 73
    • 2. 개인 혁신성의 구성요소 76
    • 1) 변화 수용 성향 77
    • 2) 위험 감수 성향 78
    • 3) 자율적 판단 성향 79
    • 4) 창의적 문제 해결 성향 79
    • 3. 개인 혁신성에 관한 선행연구 83
    • 제5절 경영성과 87
    • 1. 경영성과의 개념과 구성요소 87
    • 1) 비재무적 성과 91
    • 2) 재무적 성과 98
    • 2. 경영성과 측정에 관한 선행연구 101
    • 제3장 연구설계 105
    • 제1절 연구모형 및 가설 105
    • 1. 연구모형 105
    • 2. 가설설정 108
    • 1) 제도적 동형화와 경영성과의 관계 109
    • 2) 제도적 동형화와 고객지향성의 관계 110
    • 3) 고객지향성과 경영성과의 관계 111
    • 4) 비재무적 성과와 재무적 성과의 관계 112
    • 5) 고객지향성의 매개효과 113
    • 6) 비재무적 경영성과의 매개효과 114
    • 7) 순차적 매개효과 115
    • 8) 개인 혁신성의 조절효과 116
    • 제2절 변수의 조작적 정의 및 측정 119
    • 1. 제도적 동형화의 조작적 정의 및 측정 121
    • 2. 고객지향성의 조작적 정의 및 측정 123
    • 3. 개인 혁신성의 조작적 정의 및 측정 124
    • 4. 경영성과의 조작적 정의 및 측정 127
    • 5. 예비조사(Pilot Test) 및 설문 문항 보완 128
    • 제3절 자료수집 및 분석방법 130
    • 1. 자료수집 방법 130
    • 2. 자료분석 방법 131
    • 1) 기초 통계 분석 132
    • 2) 측정 도구의 신뢰도 및 타당도 검증 132
    • 3) 상관관계 분석 133
    • 4) 구조모형 분석(가설 검증) 134
    • 5) 통제변수 설정 136
    • 제4절 표적집단면접 설계 139
    • 제4장 연구결과 142
    • 제1절 표본의 특성 142
    • 1. 표본의 인구통계학적 특성 142
    • 제2절 신뢰도 및 타당도 분석 145
    • 1. 신뢰도 분석 145
    • 2. 타당도 분석 146
    • 1) 탐색적 요인분석 146
    • 2) 확인적 요인분석 155
    • 제3절 기술통계 및 상관관계 분석 160
    • 1. 변수별 기술통계 분석 160
    • 2. 변수별 상관관계 분석 161
    • 제4절 구조모형 및 연구가설 검증 164
    • 1. 구조모형 적합도 164
    • 2. 연구가설 검증 결과 166
    • 1) 직접효과 분석 및 가설 검증 166
    • 2) 매개효과 분석 및 가설 검증 168
    • 3) 조절효과 분석 및 가설 검증 170
    • 3. 표적집단면접 분석 결과 172
    • 제5장 결론 및 논의 186
    • 제1절 연구결과 요약 및 논의 186
    • 제2절 연구의 시사점 195
    • 1. 이론적 시사점 195
    • 2. 실무적 시사점 198
    • 3. 정책적 시사점 200
    • 제3절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구 방향 203
    • 참 고 문 헌 206
    • 부 록 261
    • Abstract 267
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