Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by central nervous system demyelination, with mounting evidence suggesting that the gut microbiome influences pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. Despite reports linking specif...
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by central nervous system demyelination, with mounting evidence suggesting that the gut microbiome influences pathogenesis via the gut-brain axis. Despite reports linking specific gut microbes to MS, the functional roles of taxa such as Eisenbergiella tayi and Akkermansia muciniphila remain controversial, with conflicting findings regarding their disease-promoting or protective effects. To resolve these discrepancies and clarify the mechanisms of microbiota-modulated autoimmunity, this study utilized a germ-free transgenic relapsing-remitting (RR) mouse model highly susceptible to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Disease susceptibility and immune responses, including T cell activation and cytokine profiles following mono-colonization with E. tayi or A. muciniphil awere assessed, and further examined the impact of early microbial establishment using a conventionalization model. By integrating detailed microbiome analysis, this research provides mechanistic insights into how specific gut microbes influence autoimmune susceptibility, offering a foundational basis for developing targeted, microbiome-based therapeutic strategies for MS.