This study examines the relationship between environmental degradation and forced migration in the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC), advancing the argument that slow-onset climatic processes function as structural threat multipliers that inten...
This study examines the relationship between environmental degradation and forced migration in the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC), advancing the argument that slow-onset climatic processes function as structural threat multipliers that intensify pre-existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Moving beyond mono-causal explanations of migration, the study conceptualizes displacement as a multi-causal process in which environmental stress interacts with poverty, inequality, and institutional fragility to progressively erode agricultural livelihoods and constrain human agency. Within this context, migration emerges not as a voluntary economic choice but as a compelled survival strategy.
Analyzing how prolonged drought cycles undermine subsistence agriculture, reduce adaptive capacity, and generate conditions of prolonged human precarity, these dynamics blur the conventional distinction between economic and forced migration, revealing the limitations of binary categorizations in migration theory. The dissertation further identifies a critical protection gap within existing legal and policy frameworks. It argues that the 1951 Refugee Convention remains structurally inadequate due to its narrow persecution-based definition, while the 1984 Cartagena Declaration, despite its broader scope, fails to explicitly incorporate environmental drivers of displacement. As a result, populations experiencing environmentally induced forced migration remain legally invisible within current protection regimes.
By bridging environmental, socioeconomic, and legal perspectives, this dissertation contributes to ongoing debates on climate-induced displacement, offering a refined analytical framework and policy-oriented recommendations for addressing the complex realities of human mobility under conditions of environmental stress.