In the modern era, cultural diplomacy has expanded its actors, engaging in cultural exchange to promote culture globally beyond the state alone. While Korea is widely recognized as a successful case of applying cultural diplomacy effectively, existing...
In the modern era, cultural diplomacy has expanded its actors, engaging in cultural exchange to promote culture globally beyond the state alone. While Korea is widely recognized as a successful case of applying cultural diplomacy effectively, existing literature often overemphasizes the state as the sole architect of these strategies. This narrow focus overlooks the critical role of non-sate actors and digital platforms that now fundamentally shape a nation’s soft power resources in the digital age. This study applies coevolution theory to reconceptualize cultural diplomacy as a dynamic, non-linear process shaped by interactions among cultural industries and global OTT platform. By focusing on the relationship between local cultural industries and global OTT platform, the research explores how these actors influence one another's growth and strategies, creating a functional synergy that drives the global diffusion of content through three main mechanisms including: interdependence, resource complementarity, and mutual adaptation. The findings indicate that South Korea’s cultural diplomacy is no longer exclusively state-controlled but is instead shaped by the interaction strategic alliances and of non-state actors. Interdependence serves as the foundational condition for this relationship, while resource complementarity provides the functional logic for cooperation and mutual adaptation acts as the evolutionary result, producing high-visibility, unique content that significantly elevates South Korea’s global influence. Theoretically, this research offers a comprehensive new perspective on cultural diplomacy in contexts where the state’s direct control has diminished. For policymakers, it provides an essential roadmap for understanding modern content production and promotion. By fostering strategic alliances with global platforms and prioritizing qualitative growth, South Korea can ensure that Korean culture evolves from a temporary trend into a permanent global standard.