원자력발전소 계속운전 제도와 주민 의견수렴 절차에 관한 연구 = A Study on the Continued Operation System of Nuclear Power Plants and Public Opinion Collection

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Study on the Continued Operation System of Nuclear Power Plants and Public Opinion Collection Myoung Kyu Lee Advisor : Prof. Jin Weon Kim, Ph.D. Department of Nuclear Engineering Graduate School of Chosun University This study aims to propose improvement measures for the continued operation licensing system of nuclear power plants through a comprehensive institutional analysis. In addition, This study examines the conflict structures identified during the public opinion collection process and suggests strategies to enhance public acceptance. Amid the growing importance of carbon neutrality and energy security, ensuring a stable electricity supply has become a critical national priority, particularly in the era of rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) and data-driven industries. In addition, recent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have heightened concerns over the stability of global energy supply chains. Disruptions in key transportation routes, including the Strait of Hormuz, have underscored the vulnerability of energy imports and emphasized the necessity of diversifying energy sources. In this context, nuclear power is increasingly recognized as a reliable low-carbon baseload energy source that can contribute to long-term energy security. According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as of December 31, 2025, out of 438 nuclear reactors worldwide, approximately 240 are currently operating under continued operation approval. However, the licensing process for continued operation is not solely a matter of technical safety. It also involves social acceptance, procedural legitimacy, and trust among stakeholders. This study compares the continued operation licensing system in Korea with those of major nuclear-operating countries such as the United States, France, and Japan, and examines public participation procedures focusing on public disclosure and public hearings. In particular, a case study of the 2024 public hearing related to the continued operation of Units 1 and 2 at the Hanbit Nuclear Power Plant was conducted. The analysis reveals that major sources of conflict include information asymmetry, lack of trust in procedural fairness, political pressures on local governments, and coordinated actions between national anti-nuclear groups and local opposition groups. On the other hand, efforts such as sincere communication, attentive listening that acknowledges both emotional and substantive concerns, empathetic understanding, continuous engagement with opposing groups, and a humble attitude played a crucial role in mitigating and resolving conflicts. Based on these findings, this study proposes policy implications including the potential adoption of a U.S.-style 20-year license renewal system and the need to ensure actual operational periods by excluding shutdown and review durations from the licensing time frame. Furthermore, the study emphasizes that standardized public participation procedures should not be limited to nuclear power plants but should also be extended to other energy sources such as solar and wind power when considering license extensions or project continuation. Establishing consistent and transparent public participation processes across all energy sectors can enhance social acceptance, reduce conflicts, and ultimately contribute to a more stable and resilient national electricity supply system. This study highlights the importance of integrating technical safety with social acceptance in energy policy and provides practical implications for managing public conflicts in government-led infrastructure projects.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제 1 장 서론 1
• 제 2 장 계속운전 제도 비교 분석 4
• 제 1 절 계속운전 제도의 의미 4
• 제 2 절 각 국가별 계속운전 제도 비교 4
• 1. 미국의 계속운전 제도 4
• 2. 프랑스의 제도 6
• 3. 일본의 제도 6
• 4. 국내 계속운전 제도 7
• 5. 국가별 계속운전 제도 및 현황 8
• 제 3 절 국내 제도 개선 방안 9
• 제 3 장 주민 의견수렴 절차와 한계 11
• 제 1 절 주민 의견수렴 11
• 1. 공람의 성격과 한계 12
• 2. 공청회 기능과 구조 13
• 제 2 절 주민 의견수렴 절차적 정당성 13
• 제 4 장 공청회 경험 및 갈등 구조 분석 14
• 제 1 절 사례 개요 및 갈등 전개 단계 14
• 1. 사례 개요 14
• 2. 갈등의 전개 단계 14
• 제 2 절 단계별 갈등 양상 심화 14
• 1. 공람 착수 지연 14
• 2. 공청회 장소 및 일정 협의 방해 15
• 3. 공청회 현장 집단행동 15
• 제 3 절 이해관계자 및 갈등 구조 분석 16
• 1. 이해관계자 16
• 2. 갈등 구조 분석 17
• 3. 갈등 심화 메커니즘 18
• 4. 공청회 진행 방식 개선 및 성공 전략 18
• 제 5 장 갈등 완화 및 해결 방안 20
• 제 1 절 문제의식의 전환 20
• 1. 감정과 요구사항을 함께 파악 20
• 2. 역지사지의 태도 21
• 3. 자기주장 최소화와 열린 태도 21
• 제 2 절 진정성있는 소통 22
• 1. 반대단체와의 지속적 접촉 22
• 2. 겸손한 태도의 의미 22
• 제 3 절 갈등 해결 노력의 성과와 한계 23
• 제 6 장 사회적 수용성과 공공갈등 해결모형 24
• 제 1 절 사회적 수용성의 의미 24
• 제 2 절 한빛 공청회 사례의 시사점 24
• 제 3 절 공공 갈등 해결 4단계 모형 25
• 제 7 장 결론 26
• 참고문헌 28
• 후기 29