국내 원자력발전소 방사성유출물 배출총량 기준신설에 따른 규제체계 비교 분석 = A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks for Radioactive Effluents after the Introduction of Total Activity Limits in Korean Nuclear Power Plants

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Comparative Analysis of Regulatory Frameworks for Radioactive Effluents after the Introduction of Total Activity Limits in Korean Nuclear Power Plants Hoyeon Lee Advisor : Prof. Kong Tae Young, Ph.D. Department of Nuclear Engineering Graduate School of Chosun University This study examines the regulatory framework for the discharge of radioactive effluents from nuclear power plants in Korea following the introduction of total activity limits. Radioactive effluents generated during normal operation are released in liquid and gaseous forms, and their control is a key component of public radiological protection. In Korea, radioactive effluents have traditionally been regulated through dose criteria and effluent control limits (ECLs). Although this framework has been effective in demonstrating compliance with radiological protection requirements, it has limitations in providing prospective control of cumulative discharge quantities, particularly at multi-unit sites where the dose criterion for site boundary functions as a practical dose constraint. To address this limitation, a regulatory framework requiring site-specific discharge plans and discharge limits of specific radionuclide-groups was introduced. This study analyzes the characteristics of the new framework and compares it with the existing regulatory approach. It reviews the types of radioactive effluents, discharge pathways, monitoring arrangements, and the methodology used to establish discharge limits. In addition, discharge records and public dose assessment results from 2015 to 2024 were analyzed. The results show that the Korean regulatory framework for radioactive effluents consists of three complementary elements: dose criteria, ECLs, and total activity limits. The framework of total activity limits provides a prospective control mechanism by establishing annual authorized discharge quantities in advance on the basis of dose criteria, environmental transfer, exposure pathways, and radionuclide characteristics. It therefore should be understood not as a replacement for the existing framework, but as a supplementary regulatory measure that enhances the consistency, predictability, and transparency of radioactive effluent control.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서론 1
• 제1절 연구 배경 1
• 제2절 연구 목적 3
• 제3절 연구 방법 4
• 제2장 국내 원전에서 배출되는 방사성유출물 분석 7
• 제1절 방사성유출물의 분류기준 7
• 제2절 액체 및 기체 방사성유출물의 배출경로 10
• 제3장 방사성유출물 감시체계 분석 15
• 제1절 방사성유출물 감시체계 15
• 제2절 액체 방사성유출물 감시체계 16
• 제3절 기체 방사성유출물 감시체계 18
• 제4장 방사성유출물의 배출제한치 설정 방법론 분석 20
• 제1절 배출제한치 설정에 연관된 핵종 분류 21
• 제2절 주변 주민피폭선량 평가모델 및 인자 24
• 제3절 배출제한치 설정 계산식 26
• 제5장 국내 원전의 방사성유출물 배출량 분석 29
• 1 고리원전 29
• 2 월성원전 32
• 3 한빛원전 35
• 4 한울원전 38
• 5 종합 40
• 제6장 국내 원전의 방사성유출물 주민피폭선량 분석 44
• 1 고리원전 44
• 2 월성원전 47
• 3 한빛원전 50
• 4 한울원전 54
• 5 종합 56
• 제7장 국내 원전의 방사성유출물 주민피폭선량 비교분석 61
• 제1절 기존 선량 규제체계와 배출총량 제도 비교분석 61
• 제2절 기존 방사능 농도 규제체계와 배출총량 제도 비교분석 62
• 제8장 종합 64