This study was conducted to examine the effects of play belief and playfulness on the play teaching efficacy of Chinese early childhood teachers, and to examine the mediating effect of teacher-child interaction within these relationships. Recently, th...
This study was conducted to examine the effects of play belief and playfulness on the play teaching efficacy of Chinese early childhood teachers, and to examine the mediating effect of teacher-child interaction within these relationships. Recently, the importance of play-centered education has been emphasized in Chinese early childhood education settings; however, there is a paucity of systematic research on teacher's individual play belief and playfulness, as well as the relational dynamics between teachers and young children during actual instruction. Accordingly, this study aimed to empirically analyze the mechanisms through which Chinese early childhood teacher' play belief, playfulness, and teacher-child interaction contribute to play teaching efficacy.
The research questions guiding this study are as follows:
Research Question 1. Do early childhood teachers’ play belief, playfulness, and teacher–child interaction affect play teaching efficacy?
1-1. Does play belief affect play teaching efficacy?
1-2. Does playfulness affect play teaching efficacy?
1-3. Does teacher–child interaction affect play teaching efficacy?
Research Question 2. Does teacher–child interaction have a mediating effect on the relationship between teachers’ play belief and playfulness and play teaching efficacy?
To address the above research questions, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 473 kindergarten teachers in China over a period of approximately one month, from June to July 2025. The collected survey data were analyzed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 26.0 through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM).
The results of this study are summarized as follows. Play belief, playfulness, and teacher-child interaction exerted significant positive direct effects on play teaching efficacy. Notably, the direct effect of play belief was found to be greater than that of playfulness. This finding implies that the cognitive conviction teachers hold regarding the educational value of play is a key factor in forming teaching confidence. Teachers possessing high levels of playfulness (characterized by fun-seeking, spontaneity, and uninhibitedness) demonstrate higher confidence when implementing play-centered education. Furthermore, as high-quality emotional, verbal, and behavioral interactions between teachers and young children occur more frequently, teachers exhibit greater certainty in their play guidance abilities.
Teacher-child interaction was confirmed to play a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between play belief and play teaching efficacy, as well as between playfulness and play teaching efficacy. This suggests that teachers' positive play belief and playfulness traits not only directly enhance play teaching efficacy but also indirectly further reinforce play teaching efficacy by enhancing the quality of teacher-child interaction. In other words, while teachers' play belief and playfulness serve as the foundation, teacher-child interaction functions as a key operational mechanism that strengthens play teaching efficacy.
This study holds academic significance in that it empirically identifies that the play teaching efficacy of Chinese early childhood teachers is formed through a multilayered and integrated structure involving play belief, playfulness, and teacher-child interaction. These results suggest that integrated, relationship- oriented support strategies aimed at reconstructing teachers' play belief and cultivating playfulness are essential for the successful establishment of play-centered curricula in Chinese early childhood education settings.