말뭉치 기반 발화첫머리간투사의 전략적 사용 양상 연구 : ‘아, 어, 음, 그래, 아니, 응’을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine how native Korean speakers use utterance-initial interjections as resources for communication strategies in everyday conversation. In actual conversation, speakers do not carry their turns through complete sentences alone; they pause briefly to search for an appropriate expression, signal that they have heard the interlocutor, and adjust their own stance or the direction of the upcoming utterance. Interjections such as 'a, eo, eum, geurae, ani, eung' frequently appear at the utterance-initial position, where such processing and reaction take place. Treating these interjections as strategic resources, this study investigated how those strategies are realized in the actual conversation of Korean native speakers.
The discussion proceeded as follows. Based on the National Institute of Korean Language's Everyday Conversation Corpus 2024 （Version 1.0）, 428 instances of the six most frequent utterance-initial interjections were analyzed. The utterance-initial position was chosen as the analytic site because it is where a preceding and a following utterance intersect, allowing observation of the environment in which an interjection appears and the direction in which it coordinates the utterance that follows. In Chapter 2, previous studies on interjections and discourse markers were reviewed, where interjections had been described through such functions as emotional expression, response, acceptance, acknowledgment, objection, topic shift, and the development of a following utterance. In Chapter 3, these functional items were reorganized from the perspective of communication strategies into three categories: a cognitive-processing strategy, an interactional strategy, and a discourse-regulating strategy. The cognitive-processing strategy concerns preparing an utterance and securing processing time; the interactional strategy concerns coordinating reactions with the interlocutor and maintaining the turn; and the discourse-regulating strategy concerns adjusting topic, attitude, and stance. In Chapter 4, the corpus data were analyzed within this framework.
The findings can be summarized as follows. Utterance-initial interjections were realized across all three strategy categories, ranging from cognitive processing in preparing an utterance, through coordinating reactions with the interlocutor, to regulating the flow of discourse and the speaker's attitude. The interactional strategy accounted for the largest proportion （43.7%）, followed by the cognitive-processing strategy （28.7%） and the discourse-regulating strategy （27.6%）. The same interjection took on different strategic functions according to the relationship between the preceding and the following utterance; for instance, 'eo' and 'eum' following an interrogative appeared as a cognitive-processing strategy for preparing an answer.
This study is significant in that it reorganizes interjections, which previous research had treated as individual functions, into resources for communication strategies, and confirms their distribution across strategy categories in the actual conversation of native Korean speakers. Utterance-initial interjections are not explained by the meaning of each interjection alone; they perform strategic functions within the type of the preceding utterance and the flow of the one that follows. For Korean language education, presenting interjections only as expressions of emotion or as responses makes it difficult for learners to grasp why an interjection occupies its position and how it leads into a following utterance. By describing interjections as context-based resources for communication strategies, this study provides foundational data for teaching them as strategic resources grounded in discourse context.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 1
• 1.2. 선행 연구 4
• 1.2.1. 간투사의 개념과 담화 기능에 관한 연구 5
• 1.2.2. 구어 말뭉치 기반 간투사 연구 8
• 1.2.3. 한국어교육에서의 간투사 연구 12
• 1.3. 연구 방법 14
• 2. 논의의 전제 19
• 2.1. 전략적 능력의 개념과 의사소통 전략 논의 19
• 2.1.1. 간투사의 개념과 담화 기능에 관한 연구 20
• 2.1.2. 상호작용 조율과 담화 조절의 전략적 관점 24
• 2.2. 간투사의 기능 검토와 전략 범주 재구성 29
• 2.2.1. 한국어 간투사의 기능 항목 29
• 2.2.2. 기능 항목의 전략 범주 재구성 32
• 2.2.3. 간투사별 기능 검토 35
• 2.3. 발화 첫머리 간투사 분석의 담화적 근거 46
• 2.3.1. 발화 첫머리 위치의 담화적 가치 46
• 2.3.2. 선행 발화 유형과 간투사 사용 맥락 50
• 3. 분석 틀 수립과 자료 구성 54
• 3.1. 간투사의 분석 틀 수립 54
• 3.1.1. 전략 범주와 세부 기능 54
• 3.1.2. 전략 판별 기준 56
• 3.2. 분석의 전제 및 자료 구성 60
• 3.2.1. 분석의 범위 및 전제 60
• 3.2.2. 자료의 구성 및 정제 과정 61
• 3.3. 판정 신뢰도 검증 67
• 4. 발화첫머리간투사의 전략적 사용 양상 72
• 4.1. 양적 분포 특성 72
• 4.1.1. 간투사별 빈도 72
• 4.1.2. 전략 범주별 빈도 73
• 4.1.3. 전략 범주에 따른 간투사 분포 74
• 4.1.4. 전략 범주의 통계적 검정 75
• 4.2. 전략 범주별 실현 양상 78
• 4.2.1. 인지적 처리 전략의 실현 양상 78
• 4.2.2. 상호작용 전략의 실현 양상 83
• 4.2.3. 담화 조절 전략의 실현 양상 90
• 4.3. 간투사별 전략적 활용 양상 99
• 4.3.1. 간투사별 주요 전략 기능 99
• 4.3.2. 선행 발화 유형에 따른 간투사별 전략 실현 양상 102
• 4.4. 전략 범주별 세부 기능 분포 108
• 5. 결론 111
• 참고문헌 113
• ABSTRACT 120