지역경찰관의 소극적 경찰활동에 대한 조직 내외부 요인 구조 분석 = Structural Analysis of Internal and External Factors Influencing Depolicing of Community Police

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examined the structural mechanisms through which internal and external organizational factors influence Depolicing among Korean local police officers. While Depolicing has primarily been discussed in relation to external pressures such as hostile media effect, citizen animus, and declining audience legitimacy, this study sought to determine whether Depolicing in the Korean context is better explained by external environmental factors or by internal organizational conditions and attitudes. To address this question, the study integrated the Depolicing with the organizational behavior approach to counterproductive work behavior（CWB）.
The study focused on local police officers working in Seoul, South Korea. Data were collected through an online survey administered to officers assigned to police substations and precincts. A total of 200 responses were collected, and 200 cases were used for the final analysis. The dependent variable was Depolicing. The independent variables were supervisor-coworker support, organizational justice, hostile media effect, and citizen animus. Organizational cynicism and audience legitimacy were included as mediating variables. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modeling with bootstrapping.
The findings revealed that only some of the proposed hypotheses were supported. Among the internal organizational factors, supervisor-coworker support had a significant negative effect on Depolicing, indicating that higher levels of perceived support reduced passive and avoidant police behavior. Supervisor-coworker support also had a significant negative effect on organizational cynicism, and organizational cynicism, in turn, had a significant positive effect on Depolicing. This indicates that organizational cynicism partially mediated the relationship between supervisor-coworker support and Depolicing. In contrast, organizational justice did not have a significant direct effect on either Depolicing or organizational cynicism, although it had a significant positive effect on audience legitimacy.
Among the external organizational factors, hostile media effect and citizen animus did not have significant direct effects on Depolicing. However, they were associated with the proposed mediating variables in different ways. Hostile media effect had a significant negative effect on audience legitimacy, suggesting that officers who perceived media coverage as more hostile were less likely to believe that citizens viewed the police as legitimate. At the same time, hostile media effect had a significant negative effect on organizational cynicism, producing a significant negative indirect effect on Depolicing through organizational cynicism. This indirect pathway should be interpreted cautiously, as the direct and total effects of hostile media effect on Depolicing were not significant.
Citizen animus showed a different pattern. Although it did not directly increase Depolicing, it had a significant positive effect on organizational cynicism and a significant negative effect on audience legitimacy. The indirect effect through organizational cynicism was significant, indicating that officers who held stronger negative perceptions of citizens were more likely to develop cynical attitudes toward their organization, which in turn increased Depolicing. By contrast, audience legitimacy did not have a significant effect on Depolicing, and none of the indirect effects through audience legitimacy were significant.
These findings suggest that Depolicing among Korean local police officers is not best understood as a direct behavioral response to external criticism, hostile media perceptions, or negative views of citizens. Rather, Depolicing was more directly shaped by internal relational support and cynical attitudes toward the organization. Supervisor-coworker support functioned as a protective factor by directly reducing Depolicing and indirectly reducing it through lower organizational cynicism. Citizen animus contributed to Depolicing only when it was translated into organizational cynicism. Hostile media effect weakened audience legitimacy, but audience legitimacy did not lead to Depolicing.
This study contributes to the Depolicing literature by showing that the Ferguson Effect framework alone may be insufficient for explaining passive and avoidant police behavior in the Korean local policing context. The findings indicate that Depolicing should also be understood through an organizational behavior perspective, particularly as a form of behavioral withdrawal associated with weakened relational support and organizational cynicism. Practically, the results suggest that efforts to reduce Depolicing should focus not only on responding to external criticism, but also on strengthening internal support systems, reducing organizational cynicism, and creating organizational conditions under which officers believe that legitimate field interventions will be supported and protected by their organization.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 제1장 서 론 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 1
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 7
• 1. 연구의 범위 7
• 2. 연구의 방법 8
• 제2장 이론적 배경 10
• 제1절 소극적 경찰활동 10
• 1. 소극적 경찰활동의 의의 10
• 2. 적극적 경찰활동의 유형 14
• 제2절 설명이론 17
• 1. 사회적 교환이론 17
• 2. 사회정체성이론 29
• 제3절 선행연구 검토 39
• 1. 조직 내부 요인과 소극적 경찰활동의 관계 39
• 2. 조직 외부 요인과 소극적 경찰활동의 관계 45
• 3. 조직냉소주의의 매개경로 49
• 4. 외부정당성의 매개경로 53
• 제3장 연구의 설계 57
• 제1절 연구모형과 연구가설 57
• 1. 연구모형 57
• 2. 연구문제 및 가설 58
• 제2절 변수의 조작적 정의와 측정 62
• 1. 종속변수 62
• 2. 독립변수 63
• 3. 매개변수 67
• 제3절 자료수집 및 분석방법 70
• 1. 자료수집 70
• 2. 분석방법 74
• 제4장 연구결과 77
• 제1절 주요변수의 특성 77
• 1. 인구사회학적 특성 분석 77
• 2. 주요변수의 기술통계 분석 82
• 3. 집단 간 차이 분석 84
• 제2절 연구모형 분석결과 87
• 1. 변수 간의 상관관계 분석 87
• 2. 연구가설 검증 결과 96
• 제5장 결 론 122
• 참 고 문 헌 136
• ABSTRACT 150