This study noted that for enhancing corporate value, a core task of the Korean capital market, expanding shareholder returns, enhancing accounting transparency, and establishing a sound ownership structure and excellent corporate governance that drive...
This study noted that for enhancing corporate value, a core task of the Korean capital market, expanding shareholder returns, enhancing accounting transparency, and establishing a sound ownership structure and excellent corporate governance that drive these are essential. Accordingly, targeting companies listed on the Korea Exchange (KRX) from 2017 to 2024, the study empirically analyzed the impact of ownership structure characteristics on shareholder returns and earnings management and the moderating effect of corporate governance. For the analysis, ‘Total Shareholder Return,’ which combines cash dividends and treasury stock acquisitions, and the ‘Total Earnings Management (TEM)’ index, which integrates accrual-based earnings management (AEM) and real earnings management (REM), were utilized as dependent variables.
The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, the sounder the corporate ownership structure—specifically, the lower the largest shareholder’s ownership ratio, the smaller the difference in ownership ratio between the first and second largest shareholders, and the higher the foreign ownership ratio—the more significantly shareholder returns increased. Second, the better the corporate governance—specifically, the higher the ratio of outside directors, the better the ESG governance evaluation grade, the higher the compliance rate of core indicators in corporate governance reports, and for companies that introduced cumulative voting and the separate election system for audit committee members—combined with a sound ownership structure, the more strongly it promoted shareholder returns. Third, the sounder the corporate ownership structure, significantly lower earnings management appeared. Fourth, the better the corporate governance, combined with a sound ownership structure, it promoted even less earnings management. Fifth, lag variable (t-1) analysis for endogeneity control, analysis replacing the dependent variable with the cash dividend rate, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis and Index-based scoring analysis, two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation using instrumental variables, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were additionally performed; as a result, the hypotheses of this study were consistently supported, confirming the high robustness of the research findings. These results imply that excellent governance is a major preceding variable determining the expansion of shareholder returns and the enhancement of accounting transparency, and is an essential and structural factor that determines a company’s shareholder return and accounting transparency.
This study, by confirming that the complementary combination of a sound ownership structure and excellent corporate governance is a decisive factor in resolving the problems of low shareholder return and accounting transparency, which are the core causes of the 'Korea Discount,' presented empirical evidence supporting the justification and effectiveness of recent legislative revisions and institutional reorganization.