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    선택적 시뮬레이션 기반 최적화를 통한 기계-AGV 동시 스케줄링 = Machine–AGV Co-Scheduling via Selective Simulation-Based Optimization

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17548778

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Flexible job-shop co-scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) faces a quality–cost dilemma: global metaheuristic optimization produces high-quality schedules but is computationally expensive, whereas rule-based dispatching is cheap but myopic. Under a limited optimization budget for each scheduling decision, committing to a fixed optimization level overspends on easy states and underspends on bottlenecks. This thesis reframes the optimization scope—how much budget to spend and which operations to optimize—as a learned, budget-constrained decision variable.
    The proposed framework pairs a heterogeneous graph attention (HGAT) encoder that summarizes the shop-floor state with a two-head reinforcement-learning controller that sets an optimization budget and operation-type importance weights, thereby selecting a core operation set. A bounded NSGA-II searches only over this core set and returns a typed decision artifact—urgency shifts and machine/AGV preferences—that a rule-based decoder applies through a unified priority interface, which provably reduces to pure dispatching when the core set is empty. The controller is trained in two tiers: behavioral-cloning distillation from an NSGA-II teacher, followed by proximal policy optimization (PPO) fine-tuning against an in-loop full-scope reference.
    Across three benchmark families (Kumar, Deroussi, and MK10, spanning 4 to 15 machines), under matched budgets the selective controllers surpass full-scope optimization when the budget is tight, and the margin widens as shop size grows—up to about 20% on MK10, with roughly 58 times fewer evaluations to reach a target solution. PPO closely tracks an ε-minimal core-set oracle, whereas behavioral cloning over-provisions as the shop scales, so PPO attains comparable quality preservation with a more parsimonious scope. The framework also preserves a Pareto front for operator-preference tuning that scalar optimizers discard. These results indicate that treating optimization scope as a learned, budget-constrained decision is an effective way to navigate the quality–cost trade-off in flexible job-shop co-scheduling.
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    Flexible job-shop co-scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) faces a quality–cost dilemma: global metaheuristic optimization produces high-quality schedules but is computationally expensive, whereas rule-based dispatching is ...

    Flexible job-shop co-scheduling of machines and automated guided vehicles (AGVs) faces a quality–cost dilemma: global metaheuristic optimization produces high-quality schedules but is computationally expensive, whereas rule-based dispatching is cheap but myopic. Under a limited optimization budget for each scheduling decision, committing to a fixed optimization level overspends on easy states and underspends on bottlenecks. This thesis reframes the optimization scope—how much budget to spend and which operations to optimize—as a learned, budget-constrained decision variable.
    The proposed framework pairs a heterogeneous graph attention (HGAT) encoder that summarizes the shop-floor state with a two-head reinforcement-learning controller that sets an optimization budget and operation-type importance weights, thereby selecting a core operation set. A bounded NSGA-II searches only over this core set and returns a typed decision artifact—urgency shifts and machine/AGV preferences—that a rule-based decoder applies through a unified priority interface, which provably reduces to pure dispatching when the core set is empty. The controller is trained in two tiers: behavioral-cloning distillation from an NSGA-II teacher, followed by proximal policy optimization (PPO) fine-tuning against an in-loop full-scope reference.
    Across three benchmark families (Kumar, Deroussi, and MK10, spanning 4 to 15 machines), under matched budgets the selective controllers surpass full-scope optimization when the budget is tight, and the margin widens as shop size grows—up to about 20% on MK10, with roughly 58 times fewer evaluations to reach a target solution. PPO closely tracks an ε-minimal core-set oracle, whereas behavioral cloning over-provisions as the shop scales, so PPO attains comparable quality preservation with a more parsimonious scope. The framework also preserves a Pareto front for operator-preference tuning that scalar optimizers discard. These results indicate that treating optimization scope as a learned, budget-constrained decision is an effective way to navigate the quality–cost trade-off in flexible job-shop co-scheduling.

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • 제1장 서 론 1
    • 제1절 연구 배경 및 문제 제기 1
    • 제2절 기존 연구의 한계 2
    • 제3절 제안 방법 개요 3
    • 제4절 주요 기여 4
    • 제1장 서 론 1
    • 제1절 연구 배경 및 문제 제기 1
    • 제2절 기존 연구의 한계 2
    • 제3절 제안 방법 개요 3
    • 제4절 주요 기여 4
    • 제5절 연구 질문 6
    • 제2장 관련 연구 6
    • 제1절 스케줄 중심 통합 최적화 7
    • 제2절 디스패칭 중심 실행 제어 8
    • 제3절 학습 보강 디스패칭 제어 9
    • 제3장 제안 방법 12
    • 제1절 문제 정의 13
    • 제2절 목적 함수 15
    • 제3절 핵심 공정 집합 선택 16
    • 제4절 NSGA-II와 디스패칭의 표현 불일치 18
    • 제4장 프레임워크 개요 20
    • 제1절 선택적 최적화와 실행 방식 21
    • 제2절 시나리오 인터페이스 21
    • 제3절 프레임워크 파이프라인 22
    • 제5장 그래프 인코딩과 범위 제어 23
    • 제1절 이종 그래프 표현 24
    • 제2절 관계 인식 HGAT 인코더 28
    • 제3절 강화학습 범위 컨트롤러 31
    • 제6장 선택적 탐색과 하이브리드 디코딩 34
    • 제1절 범위 탐색 34
    • 제2절 하이브리드 디코딩 36
    • 제7장 학습 방법론 39
    • 제1절 Tier I 지도 학습(BC) 40
    • 제2절 Tier II 온라인 PPO 파인튜닝 42
    • 제8장 실험 평가 43
    • 제1절 실험 설계 44
    • 제2절 실험 A - 품질 비교(RQ1) 46
    • 제3절 실험 B - 최소 핵심 집합 크기 비교(RQ2) 49
    • 제4절 실험 C - 핵심 집합 품질 비교(RQ3) 51
    • 제5절 실험 D - 상태에 따른 핵심 집합 크기 변화(RQ4) 52
    • 제9장 결론 55
    • 제1절 한계 및 향후 연구 57
    • 참 고 문 헌 58
    • ABSTRACT 64
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