This study aims to analyze how news discourse on the domestic Program Provider (PP) industry has been structured and transformed in an OTT-centered media environment. The expansion of OTT services has changed the structure of content distribution,...
This study aims to analyze how news discourse on the domestic Program Provider (PP) industry has been structured and transformed in an OTT-centered media environment. The expansion of OTT services has changed the structure of content distribution, platform competition, viewing practices, and the way content value is evaluated. These changes are closely related to the industrial position of PPs, which have supplied channels and content to pay-TV platforms. Accordingly, this study examines how the PP industry has been represented in Korean news coverage and what issues and meaning structures have shaped its discourse.
For this purpose, this study analyzed 1,374 Korean news articles related to the PP industry published between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2025. The data were collected from BIGKinds, a news big data platform operated by the Korea Press Foundation. After excluding duplicate articles, articles with missing body text, and articles unsuitable for semantic analysis, the final dataset was constructed. BERTopic-based topic modeling was used as the main method of analysis. Specifically, the analysis was conducted through document embedding, UMAP dimensionality reduction, HDBSCAN clustering, and c-TF-IDF-based keyword extraction in order to identify major topics in news discourse on the PP industry.
The results identified eight major topics in the news discourse on the domestic PP industry: “OTT and program fee disputes,” “content usage fee calculation and regulation,” “OTT competition and content production,” “viewing share and locality regulation,” “media accessibility for disadvantaged groups,” “content supply and transaction order,” “original content and production capability,” and “corporate merger and business restructuring.” Among these, “program fee disputes” and “content usage fee calculation and regulation” accounted for the largest proportions. This indicates that news discourse on the domestic PP industry has mainly been structured around content compensation, fee calculation, transmission disputes, regulatory standards, small and medium-sized PPs, and transaction relationships between platforms and content providers.
The findings also show that PP industry discourse is not limited to fee disputes. It includes sub-discourses related to content production capability, content supply and transaction order, regulation and public interest, and business restructuring. The topics of “OTT competition and content production” and “original content and production capability” suggest that content production capability is being discussed as a new competitive factor for the PP industry in the OTT environment. The topics of “viewing share and locality regulation” and “media accessibility for disadvantaged groups” indicate that the PP industry is not only a market actor but also an object of institutional regulation and public responsibility within the broadcasting industry. In addition, the topic of “content supply and transaction order” shows that issues such as content supply contracts, outsourced production, guidelines, and contract structures are also part of the discourse on the PP industry.
The yearly trend analysis showed that the topic of “program fee disputes” maintained a high proportion in 2020 and 2021, increased sharply in 2022, and rose again in 2025. The topic of “content usage fee calculation and regulation” increased again after 2023 and showed a high proportion in 2024. Although the topic of “OTT competition and content production” accounted for a relatively small proportion overall, it tended to increase after 2024. These results suggest that while PP industry discourse has continued to center on program fee disputes and content usage fee calculation, discussions related to content production and platform competition have become more visible in the latter part of the analysis period.
This study is significant in that it analyzes the domestic PP industry not merely as a policy or institutional object, nor solely as a matter of individual business performance, but as an object of news discourse. It also empirically identifies how discourse on the PP industry has been structured and transformed in an OTT-centered media environment through BERTopic-based topic modeling. The findings confirm that domestic PP industry discourse is centered on fee disputes and transaction structures while also encompassing various sub-issues such as content production capability, transaction order, regulation and public interest, and business restructuring. The results of this study may serve as basic data for future discussions on PP industry policy and media industry discourse research.
Keywords: OTT, PP industry, Program Provider, program fee, content usage fee, news discourse, BERTopic, topic modeling