초경량무인비행장치 광학영상 및 LiDAR 기반 토공량 산정 결과 비교 = Comparison of Earthwork Volume Estimates Based on Optical Imagery and LiDAR Data from an Ultra-Light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study evaluates the reliability and practical efficiency of earthwork
volume calculation using UAV （Unmanned Aerial Vehicle）-based optical
imagery and Light Detection And Ranging （LiDAR）. The experiment was
conducted at an apartment construction site in Daejeon, utilizing a DJI
Matrice 350 RTK platform equipped with a Zenmuse L2 hybrid sensor. To
ensure high-precision geometric alignment, a rigorous spatial framework
integrating Ground Control Points （GCP） and VRS-RTK survey data was
established.
The analysis revealed that the terrain models derived from both sensors
showed a relatively minor discrepancy in overall volume estimations.
However, detailed sub-zone analysis indicated significant numerical
variations depending on localized environmental factors. In cutting areas
with deep shadows behind vertical retaining structures, digital
photogrammetry tended to underestimate earthwork volumes due to
surface-smoothing effects resulting from a loss of pixel contrast.
Conversely, in fill and bare soil areas, photogrammetry tended to
overestimate volumes due to high-frequency noise on low-texture
surfaces and the filtering leakage of temporary onsite facilities.
This study confirms that these localized underestimations and
overestimations mathematically offset each other, resulting in a
macro-level convergence of total volume estimates. These findings
highlight the importance of itemized spatial analysis when comparing
passive and active UAV sensors, providing a practical baseline for
integrating smart construction technologies into earthwork management.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ····················································································································1
• 1. 연구배경 및 목적 ·····························································································1
• 2. 연구 동향 ···········································································································2
• 3. 연구 범위 및 방법 ···························································································4
• Ⅱ. 초경량 무인비행장치 토공량 측량 ·····························································6
• 1. 초경량 무인 비행장치 ····················································································6
• 1） 플랫폼 구성 ·····································································································6
• 2. 광학영상 기반 3차원 공간정보 취득 ·························································8
• 1） 기하모형 ···········································································································8
• 2） 영상의 공간해상도 ····················································································10
• 3） 수치 영상처리 알고리즘 ·········································································11
• 4） 점군자료 생성 ······························································································12
• 3. 라이다 기반 점군자료 생성 ········································································13
• 1） 거리 및 각 관측 원리 ················································································13
• 2） 점군자료 생성 ······························································································14
• 3） 점군자료 기하보정 ······················································································15
• 4. 수치지형모형 생성 ························································································16
• 1） 수치지형모형 ································································································16
• 2） TIN 기반 생성 ····························································································17
• 3） 격자 기반 생성 ····························································································18
• 5. 토공량 계산 ·····································································································18
• 1） 격자 기반 계산 ····························································································19
• 2） 불규칙 삼각망 기반 체적 계산 ·······························································19
• Ⅲ. 실험 및 고찰 ···································································································21
• 1. 연구 대상지 및 자료 ····················································································21
• 1） 연구 대상지 ··································································································21
• 2） 입력자료 구성 및 역할 ··············································································24
• 3） 관측장비 ·······································································································29
• 2. 수치지형모형 구축 ························································································32
• 1） 설계도 및 지상측량 ····················································································32
• 2） LiDAR 자료 ·································································································35
• 3） 광학영상 자료 ······························································································38
• 3. 구역 분할 및 토공량 산정 ··········································································42
• 1） 구역 분할 ·······································································································42
• 2） 토공량 산정 ··································································································46
• 3） 센서별 토공량 차이 비교 기준 ·······························································48
• 4. 토공량 산정 결과 비교 ················································································49
• 1） 전체 산정 결과 분석 ··················································································49
• 2） 구역별 분석 ··································································································50
• 3） 토공량 차이가 큰 주요 구역의 원인 고찰 ·········································· 55
• Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론 ···································································································58
• 참고문헌 ··················································································································60
• Abstract ··················································································································61