The purpose of this study is to examine the sequential mediating effects of intrusive rumination and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between university students’ experiences of interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic growth. To this end, t...
The purpose of this study is to examine the sequential mediating effects of intrusive rumination and cognitive flexibility on the relationship between university students’ experiences of interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic growth. To this end, this study conducted an online survey targeting university students aged 18 to 25, including questionnaires on interpersonal trauma experiences, post-traumatic growth, intrusive rumination, and cognitive flexibility; ultimately, 263 completed questionnaires were used for analysis. The collected data were analyzed for sequential mediation effects using SPSS 25.0 and PROCESS Macro v4.2 Model 6, and bootstrapping was performed to verify the significance of each variable.
The main findings of this study were as follows. First, an analysis of the correlations among interpersonal trauma experience, intrusive rumination, cognitive flexibility, and post-traumatic growth revealed significant correlations among the main variables. Second, regarding the process by which interpersonal trauma led to post-traumatic growth, the sole mediating effect of intrusive rumination was significant in the model based on the frequency of trauma exposure, but not in the model based on the intensity of subjective distress. Third, the sole mediating effect of cognitive flexibility was found to be insignificant in both models. Finally, the sequential mediating effect of interpersonal trauma led to post-traumatic growth via intrusive rumination and cognitive flexibility was statistically significant in both models. In other words, the pathway whereby automatic and painful intrusive rumination resulting from interpersonal trauma contributes to post-traumatic growth only when it is adaptively processed through the psychological resource of cognitive flexibility was empirically confirmed.
These findings suggested that, to support the growth of university students who have experienced interpersonal trauma, interventions that helped them reinterpret and accept their experiences from multiple perspectives through cognitive flexibility were more important than simply suppressing intrusive rumination.
This study aimed to identify the mechanism by which interpersonal trauma experiences led to post-traumatic growth, thereby providing foundational data for counseling interventions to understand the psychological distress and emotional difficulties of college students who have experienced interpersonal trauma and to support their adaptive recovery and growth. Finally, this study discussed implications and suggestions for future research based on these findings.