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    한국 청소년의 음성 특성에 대한 음향학적 분석: 정상 음성 데이터베이스 구축 : 정상 음성 데이터베이스 구축을 위한 기초연구 = Acoustic Characteristics of Korean Adolescent Voices: A Preliminary Study Toward the Development of a Normative Voice Database

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    https://www.riss.kr/link?id=T17540528

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    다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract) kakao i 다국어 번역

    Voice undergoes its most pronounced developmental changes during adolescence, yet acoustic normative data for Korean middle and high school students, differentiated by grade and sex, remain limited, with existing norms based on adults or Western speakers. This study aimed to establish preliminary grade- and sex-specific acoustic norms for Korean adolescents by simultaneously applying the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV), and Real-Time Pitch (RTP) to both sustained vowel phonation and connected speech.
    Participants were Korean adolescents from the first year of middle school to the third year of high school (grades 7–12, ages 13–18). The final analysis included 212 speakers (117 male, 95 female) for the sustained vowel /a/ and 217 (107 male, 110 female) for connected speech. F0, F0 SD, vF0, jitter, shimmer, and NHR were obtained with MDVP; CPP, L/H ratio, and CSID with ADSV (both tasks); and mean speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and vocal intensity (Energy) with RTP. Vocal intensity, however, is sensitive to recording conditions and was analyzed only as an exploratory relative measure. Grade and sex effects were examined using two-way (grade × sex) ANOVA followed by sex-separated tests, together with cross-task correlations and descriptive normative data (means, standard deviations, and percentiles).
    The sex main effect was largest in pitch-related measures, with sex explaining approximately 80% of the variance in both F0 (ηp² = .818) and mean speaking fundamental frequency (SFF; ηp² = .820). Grade-related changes in pitch were observed primarily among male adolescents: F0 decreased markedly from grades 7 to 9 and remained relatively stable thereafter. In contrast, the mean-normalized coefficient of variation of F0 (vF0) did not differ significantly across grades, indicating that the stabilization reflected an absolute decline in F0 rather than a change in relative pitch variability. Jitter, shimmer, and NHR showed no consistent grade-related differences but differed significantly by sex. Several voice quality measures did vary by grade: in male adolescents, CPP and CSID changed approximately one grade later than pitch-related measures, and in female adolescents, the vowel L/H ratio showed the most marked grade effect (η² = .297). Pitch measures showed excellent agreement across the sustained vowel and connected speech tasks (r ≈ .95), whereas quality measures exhibited task-dependent variability.
    These grade- and sex-specific norms, derived from multiple acoustic indicators, provide foundational reference data for the screening and clinical assessment of adolescent voice disorders and puberphonia, and support the use of sex-specific normative values. As a preliminary study validating the measurement procedures, it indicates that definitive norms will require larger-scale, longitudinal investigations that incorporate indices of pubertal maturation and focus on developmentally sensitive acoustic measures (F0, SFF, CPP, and L/H ratio).
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    Voice undergoes its most pronounced developmental changes during adolescence, yet acoustic normative data for Korean middle and high school students, differentiated by grade and sex, remain limited, with existing norms based on adults or Western speak...

    Voice undergoes its most pronounced developmental changes during adolescence, yet acoustic normative data for Korean middle and high school students, differentiated by grade and sex, remain limited, with existing norms based on adults or Western speakers. This study aimed to establish preliminary grade- and sex-specific acoustic norms for Korean adolescents by simultaneously applying the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP), the Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice (ADSV), and Real-Time Pitch (RTP) to both sustained vowel phonation and connected speech.
    Participants were Korean adolescents from the first year of middle school to the third year of high school (grades 7–12, ages 13–18). The final analysis included 212 speakers (117 male, 95 female) for the sustained vowel /a/ and 217 (107 male, 110 female) for connected speech. F0, F0 SD, vF0, jitter, shimmer, and NHR were obtained with MDVP; CPP, L/H ratio, and CSID with ADSV (both tasks); and mean speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) and vocal intensity (Energy) with RTP. Vocal intensity, however, is sensitive to recording conditions and was analyzed only as an exploratory relative measure. Grade and sex effects were examined using two-way (grade × sex) ANOVA followed by sex-separated tests, together with cross-task correlations and descriptive normative data (means, standard deviations, and percentiles).
    The sex main effect was largest in pitch-related measures, with sex explaining approximately 80% of the variance in both F0 (ηp² = .818) and mean speaking fundamental frequency (SFF; ηp² = .820). Grade-related changes in pitch were observed primarily among male adolescents: F0 decreased markedly from grades 7 to 9 and remained relatively stable thereafter. In contrast, the mean-normalized coefficient of variation of F0 (vF0) did not differ significantly across grades, indicating that the stabilization reflected an absolute decline in F0 rather than a change in relative pitch variability. Jitter, shimmer, and NHR showed no consistent grade-related differences but differed significantly by sex. Several voice quality measures did vary by grade: in male adolescents, CPP and CSID changed approximately one grade later than pitch-related measures, and in female adolescents, the vowel L/H ratio showed the most marked grade effect (η² = .297). Pitch measures showed excellent agreement across the sustained vowel and connected speech tasks (r ≈ .95), whereas quality measures exhibited task-dependent variability.
    These grade- and sex-specific norms, derived from multiple acoustic indicators, provide foundational reference data for the screening and clinical assessment of adolescent voice disorders and puberphonia, and support the use of sex-specific normative values. As a preliminary study validating the measurement procedures, it indicates that definitive norms will require larger-scale, longitudinal investigations that incorporate indices of pubertal maturation and focus on developmentally sensitive acoustic measures (F0, SFF, CPP, and L/H ratio).

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    목차 (Table of Contents)

    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 2. 연구 문제 6
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
    • 1. 음성장애 8
    • Ⅰ. 서론 1
    • 1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
    • 2. 연구 문제 6
    • Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 8
    • 1. 음성장애 8
    • 1.1. 음성장애의 정의 및 분류 8
    • 1.2. 음성장애의 유병률 11
    • 1.3. 음성장애의 평가 11
    • 2. 청소년기 음성 발달 17
    • 2.1. 발성 기관의 해부생리적 구조 17
    • 2.2. 변성의 정의 및 기제 20
    • 2.3. 남자 청소년의 음성 변화 21
    • 2.4. 여자 청소년의 음성 변화 22
    • 2.5. 변성발성장애 23
    • 2.6. 청소년 음성 문제의 특성 24
    • 2.7. 청소년 음성 음향학적 특성에 관한 선행연구 24
    • Ⅲ. 연구 방법 30
    • 1. 연구 참여자 30
    • 1.1. 선정 기준 30
    • 1.2. 제외 기준 31
    • 1.3. 참여자의 일반적 특성 32
    • 2. 연구 절차 및 연구 과제 35
    • 2.1. 연구 절차 35
    • 2.2. 연구 과제 36
    • 3. 연구 도구 37
    • 3.1. 다차원 음성 분석 프로그램 37
    • 3.2. Analysis of Dysphonia in Speech and Voice 37
    • 3.3. 실시간 음도 분석 38
    • 4. 자료 분석 38
    • 4.1. 음질 지표 분석 38
    • 4.2. 통계 분석 40
    • Ⅳ. 연구 결과 43
    • 1. 모음 /a/ MDVP 음향 지표의 학년 및 성별 차이 43
    • 1.1. 모음 F0 43
    • 1.2. 모음 F0 SD 45
    • 1.3. 모음 vF0 47
    • 1.4. 모음 jitter 48
    • 1.5. 모음 shimmer 49
    • 1.6. 모음 NHR 50
    • 2. ADSV 음질 지표의 과제별 학년 및 성별 차이 50
    • 2.1. 모음 CPP 50
    • 2.2. 모음 L/H ratio 52
    • 2.3. 모음 CSID 54
    • 2.4. 문장 CPP 56
    • 2.5. 문장 L/H ratio 57
    • 2.6. 문장 CSID 59
    • 3. Real-Time Pitch 지표의 학년 및 성별 차이 60
    • 3.1. 문장 SFF 60
    • 3.2. 음성 강도 62
    • 4. 모음과 문장 과제 간 음향 지표의 상관 64
    • 5. 학년·성별별 음향 지표 규준통계 65
    • Ⅴ. 논의 67
    • 1. 학년·성별에 따른 음향 지표의 변화 67
    • 1.1. 성별 차이와 변성기 음도 변화 67
    • 1.2. 변동률·잡음 지표의 안정성 70
    • 1.3. 음질 지표의 학년 변화와 안정화 시차 71
    • 1.4. 음성 강도 73
    • 2. 과제 간 음향 지표의 일관성 74
    • 3. 임상적 의의 75
    • 3.1. 음향 지표에서 연령과 성별 규준의 필요성 75
    • 3.2. 성별 분리 규준의 근거 76
    • 3.3. 지표별·과제별 적용 지침 76
    • 3.4. 변성발성장애 선별에의 적용 77
    • 4. 연구의 의의 78
    • 5. 제한점 및 후속 연구 79
    • 참고문헌 83
    • 부록 92
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