슈도커패시터 성능 향상을 위한 Cucurbit[6]uril 기반 다공성 탄소의 제조 및 전기화학적 특성 연구 = A study on the Preparation and Electrochemical Properties of Cucurbit[6]uril-Derived Porous Carbon for Enhanced Pseudocapacitor Performance

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sustainable and renewable energy resources have garnered significant attention as a means to address the rising energy needs of an expanding global population. Among various energy storage systems, supercapacitors offer distinct advantages, including excellent power density, rapid charge-discharge rates, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. While carbon-based conductive materials such as activated carbon have been widely studied, they exhibit lower energy density compared to batteries due to their reliance on the electrostatic adsorption and desorption of ions, which is limited by the available surface area. To address this limitation and enhance energy density while maintaining high power density, research incorporating redox reactions is being actively pursued. These approaches generally fall into two categories: electrode modification and electrolyte modification. Capacitance can be improved by either fabricating composite electrodes using materials such as metal oxides on carbon-based substrates or by employing conductive organic materials within the electrolyte.In this study, manganese （Mn） was introduced into Cucurbit[6]uril （CB[6]）-based porous carbon, which possesses a high specific surface area and excellent conductivity, to enhance the pseudocapacitive activity of the electrode. While the porous carbon provides efficient ion transport pathways for charge storage, the manganese dioxide （MnO2） induces additional Faradaic charge storage through reversible redox reactions. A synergistic effect on capacitance is expected through the interaction between these two materials. Furthermore, additional capacitance enhancement was investigated by utilizing CB[6]-derived porous carbon electrodes in a 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte containing redox-active additives, specifically hydroquinone （HQ） and p-phenylenediamine （PPD）.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• (Abstract)
• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1.1 Supercapacitor 개요 1
• 1.1.1 에너지 저장 장치 1
• 1.1.2 Supercapacitor 4
• 1.2 Supercapacitor 분류 6
• 1.2.1 Electrochemical double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) 7
• 1.2.2 Pseudocapacitors 12
• 1.2.3 Hybrid capacitors 17
• 1.3 전극 재료 18
• 1.3.1 Cucurbit[6]uril(CB[6]) 18
• 1.3.2 MnO2 22
• 1.3.3 p-hydroquinone (HQ) 23
• 1.3.4 p-phenylenediamaine (PPD) 25
• Ⅱ. 연구목적 27
• Chapter 1. Manganese-doped porous carbon 제조 28
• Ⅲ. 실험 재료 및 방법 28
• 3.1 실험 개요 28
• 3.2 재료 및 시약 28
• 3.3 실험 방법 29
• 3.3.1 Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) 합성 29
• 3.3.2 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 정제 29
• 3.3.3 Manganese-Doped Cucurbit[6]uril (MDC) 제작 29
• 3.3.4 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 및 Manganese Doped Cucurbit[6]uril (MDC) 열처리 (안정화 및 탄화) 30
• 3.3.5 Porous carbon (PC) & Manganse-doped Porous Carbon (MDPC) 전극 제작 30
• 3.4 특성 분석 31
• 3.5 전기화학적 특성 평가 31
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 33
• 4.1 TEM 및 EDS 33
• 4.2 TGA 37
• 4.3 XPS 39
• 4.4 BET 44
• 4.5 CV 46
• 4.6 GCD 50
• 4.7 Cyclic stability 54
• 4.8 EIS 56
• Chapter 2. CB[6] in HQ-containing H2SO4 58
• V. 실험 재료 및 방법 58
• 5.1 실험 개요 58
• 5.2 재료 및 시약 58
• 5.3 실험 방법 59
• 5.3.1 Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) 합성 59
• 5.3.2 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 정제 59
• 5.3.3 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 열처리 (안정화 및 탄화) 59
• 5.3.4 Porous carbon(PC) 전극 제작 60
• 5.3.5 HQ in 1 M H2SO4 전해질 제조 60
• 5.4 특성 분석 60
• 5.5 전기화학적 특성 평가 61
• Ⅵ. 결과 및 논의 62
• 6.1 Porous carbon 62
• 6.1.1 TEM 및 EDS 62
• 6.1.2 TGA 64
• 6.1.3 XPS 65
• 6.1.4 BET 68
• 6.2 CB[6] χ mM HQ in 1 M H2SO4 70
• 6.2.1 CV 70
• 6.2.2 GCD 74
• 6.2.3 Cyclic stability 78
• 6.2.4 EIS 80
• 6.2.5 FT-IR 82
• 6.2.6 UV-Vis 84
• Chapter 3. CB[6] in PPD-containing H2SO4 87
• Ⅶ. 실험 재료 및 방법 87
• 7.1 실험 개요 87
• 7.2 재료 및 시약 87
• 7.3 실험 방법 88
• 7.3.1 Cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n]) 합성 88
• 7.3.2 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 정제 88
• 7.3.3 Cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) 열처리 (안정화 및 탄화) 88
• 7.3.4 Porous carbon(PC) 전극 제작 89
• 7.3.5 PPD in 1M H2SO4 전해질 제조 89
• 7.4 특성 분석 89
• 7.5 전기화학적 특성 평가 90
• Ⅷ. 결과 및 논의 91
• 8.1 CV 91
• 8.2 GCD 94
• 8.3 Cyclic stability 98
• 8.4 EIS 100
• Ⅸ. 결론 102
• Ⅹ. 향후 연구 방향 104
• 참고 문헌 105