항공정비사 자격제도 개선에 관한 연구 : 유럽항공안전청 항공정비사 자격제도 관점으로 = A Study on Improving the Aircraft Maintenance Technician Qualification System.: (From the perspective of the EASA aircraft maintenance Technician qualification system.)

국문 초록 (Abstract)

현대 항공산업의 고도화에 따라 항공기의 안전 운항을 책임지는 항공정비사의 역할과 전문성은 무엇보다 중요해지고 있다. 그러나 현재 대한민국의 항공정비사 자격제도는 국제 기준, 특히 유럽항공안전청(EASA)의 규정과 비교했을 때 자격 체계의 세분화, 국제적 호환성, 실효적인 경력 관리 측면에서 여러 한계를 내포하고 있다.
본 연구는 대한민국 항공정비사 자격제도의 현황을 분석하고, 이를 EASA의 Part-66(자격 취득 기준) 및 Part-147(교육기관 기준) 규정과 대조하여 문제점을 도출하였다. 연구 방법으로는 양측의 관련 법령 및 규정을 분석하는 규정 분석과 항목별 비교 분석을 활용하였다.
주요 분석 결과는 다음과 같다:
1. 자격 체계: 대한민국은 단일 자격 중심인 반면, EASA는 업무 범위와 기종에 따라 A, B1, B2, C 등으로 세분화하여 책임과 권한을 명확히 하고 있다.
2. 자격 유지 및 관리: 대한민국 자격은 유효기간이 없는 무기한제인 반면, EASA는 5년의 유효기간과 정기적인 실무 경력(Recent Experience) 및 보수 교육을 요구한다.
3. 교육기관 인증: 대한민국은 시설 위주의 지정제 형태이나, EASA는 Part-147에 따라 교육 품질, 교관 자격, 내부 감사(QMS) 등 전 과정을 엄격히 관리하고 있다.
4. 국제 호환성: 대한민국 자격은 해외 취득 인정이 제한적이나, EASA 자격은 글로벌 표준으로 통용되어 인력의 국제적 이동성이 높다.
이러한 분석을 바탕으로 본 연구는 대한민국 항공정비사 제도의 개선 방향으로 다음을 제안한다.
▶항공기 종류 및 정비 범위에 따른 자격 등급의 세분화 및 역할 명확화
▶자격의 실효성 제고를 위한 유효기간 설정 및 정기적 재교육 제도 도입
▶Part-147 기준에 준하는 교육기관 인증제의 고도화 및 실습 중심 커리큘럼 강화
▶국가 차원의 자격·교육·경력 통합 관리 플랫폼(DB) 구축 및 국제 상호인정 협정(MRA) 추진
결론적으로, 대한민국 항공정비사 제도를 국제 표준에 부합하도록 구조적으로 개편함으로써 항공정비 인력의 글로벌 경쟁력을 확보하고, 궁극적으로 항공안전 수준을 한 단계 도약시켜야 한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서 론 ······································································································ 1
• 1. 연구목적 ············································································································· 1
• 2. 연구방법 및 범위 ····························································································· 2
• Ⅱ. 항공정비사 제도의 이론적 고찰 ······················································ 4
• 1. 항공정비사 개념 및 주요역할 ······························································· 4
• 2. 대한민국 항공정비사 자격제도 현황 ··························································· 6
• 1) 관련법령 및 자격 관리 체계 ····································································· 7
• 2) 항공정비사 자격취득 방법 ········································································· 9
• 3) 자격시험 구성 및 절차 ············································································ 10
• 4) 자격증 발급 및 효력 ················································································ 11
• 5) 자격증 취득이후 활용 ·············································································· 11
• 3. 유럽항공안전청 규정 개요 및 항공정비사 제도 ······································· 13
• 1) 유럽항공안전청 항공정비사 제도개요 ·················································· 13
• 2) Part-66 ······································································································ 14
• 3) Part-147 ·································································································· 18
• 4) 유럽항공안전청 항공정비사 자격 제도의 특징 ·································· 21
• Ⅲ. 대한민국·유럽항공안전청 항공정비사 자격제도의 비교 분석‥ 23
• 1. 항공정비사 자격 구분 ··················································································· 23
• 1) 유럽항공안전청의 자격체계 ···································································· 24
• 2) 대한민국자격체계 ······················································································ 25
• 3) 조직 내 역할 및 책임 ················································································ 26
• 2. 자격 취득요건 비교 ······················································································· 28
• 3. 교육기관 비교 ································································································· 31
• 4 자격유지 및 관리비교 ······················································································ 33
• 5. 제도간 연계성과 국제호환성 비교 ······························································· 36
• Ⅳ. 대한민국 항공정비사 제도의 개선 방향 모색 ·························· 39
• 1. 대한민국 항공정비사 제도의 범위와 한계 ··············································· 40
• 2. 자격관리 체계의 범위와 한계 ····································································· 42
• 3. 유럽항공안전청 제도의 도입 가능성 ······················································· 44
• Ⅴ. 결 론 ·································································································· 46
• 1. 개선안 ··············································································································· 46
• 2. 요 약 ··············································································································· 49
• 3. 후속과제 및 한계 ························································································· 50
• Ⅵ. 참고문헌 ···························································································· 51